美国哈佛大学和普林斯顿大学哪个好
Ranking ahead of Yale University in the QS World University Rankings® 2018, Princeton Universityjoins Harvard University as one of the top two US Ivy League schools. Both are ranked within the overall top 15 universities globally, and both excel across the board of academic subjects, making choosing between the two a tricky (but enviable) task to face. Here’s our guide to Princeton vs Harvard, taking in the latest data from the rankings, as well as information about location, student community, fees and financial aid.
哈佛大学在2018年最新发布的QS世界大学排名中要领先于耶鲁大学，哈佛大学也是顶尖的2所美国常春藤盟校之一。这两所大学都在全球排名前15名之内，并且这两所大学在各类学科中的表现也都是出类拔萃的，所以如果你要面对在这两所大学之前选择这件事的话，真是一个棘手的选择，但是又是非常令人羡慕的，不是吗?下面是我爱学习网为大家独家整理的美国普林斯顿大学和哈佛大学的对比，参考了排名中最新的数据，以及例如所在位置、学生团体、费用以及经济援助等等信息。
This year’s top Ivy League schools
In the 2018 edition of the QS World University Rankings, Harvard University remains the Ivy League’s frontrunner, ranked third in the world, while Princeton is the group’s second highest-ranked representative at 13th, ahead of Yale at 16th (which we compared to Harvard here).
So, if Princeton and Harvard are the best of the best, which one should you choose?
今年顶尖的常春藤名校
在2018年版的QS世界大学排名中，哈佛大学任然是常春藤盟校的领跑者，位居世界第3位。而普林斯顿大学则是常春藤盟校中排名第二高的代表，位于世界第13位，领先于位于第16位的耶鲁大学(请看哈佛大学和耶鲁大学的比较)。
那么，如果普林斯顿大学和哈佛大学是常春藤盟校这种精英大学中的精英，你该选择哪一所大学呢?
*Based on the broad subject areas in the QS World University Rankings by Subject 2017.
*根据2017年QS世界大学专业排名
QS World University Rankings® 2018
Clearly, Harvard University and Princeton University are both among the world’s strongest performers in the international university rankings, claiming strong scores in all of the performance indicators (more information about these can be found here). At this elite level, there’s very little difference between institutions, but nonetheless a closer look at the rankings data might throw some light on the fields in which each of these top Ivy League schools particularly excels.
Helped by its long-standing prestige, Harvard University is ranked an impressive first in the world for its academic reputation (based on QS’s global survey of academics) and third in the world for its reputation among employers (based on QS’s global survey of employers). Princeton on the other hand receives a rank of 33rd for employer reputation and 9th for academic reputation, suggesting a significant gap between the two universities.
Princeton does have the advantage over Harvard in its number of research citations per faculty member, a ranking indicator for which Harvard comes ninth in the world, while Princeton is fifth. However, Harvard is ahead of Princeton in its ratio of academic staff members to students, placing 38thwhile Princeton is a lowly 163rd.
The final two indicators assess proportions of international students and international faculty members, aiming to measure the levels of international diversity at each university. Here, both Ivy League leaders place a little lower than elsewhere. Harvard places 103rd in the world for international faculty and 165th for international students, while Princeton is 229th for faculty and 188th for students. In global terms, both are still pretty international places to work and study – but this does remain an area in which both top Ivy League schools have space for improvement.
2018年QS世界大学排名
显而易见，不管是哈佛大学还是普林斯顿大学，都是在世界大学排名中实力最强劲的大学之一，在排名考核的所有指标中的得分都非常高。在世界精英大学之间，其实不同大学之间的区别很小，但是对排名数据更深入的了解，能让让你对这两所大学有更多了解，能够清晰看到这两所顶尖的常春藤盟校各自在哪些领域有优势。
凭借其悠久的声望，哈佛大学的学术声誉令人惊讶地位于全球第1位(根据QS全球学术调查的数据)，并且在雇主声誉排名中也位于全球第3位(根据QS全球雇主调查的数据)。另一方面，普林斯顿大学在雇主声誉排名中位于全球第33位，学术声誉排名全球第9位，这也表现了这两所顶尖大学之间的巨大差距。
虽然普林斯顿大学在前面两个方面落后于哈佛大学，但是普林斯顿大学在研究影响力(每个教员的论文引用数)要比哈佛大学强，在这一项上哈佛大学位于全球第9位，而普林斯顿大学位于全球第5位。但是，哈佛大学在教职人员与学生的比例上要领先于普林斯顿大学，哈佛大学位于第38位，而普林斯顿大学有些落后，位于第163位。
最后两个评估指标是国际学生的比例和国际教员的比例，这两项的目的是衡量每所大学的国际多样性水平。在这两项上，不管是哈佛大学还是普林斯顿大学都要比其他大学低一些。哈佛大学在国际教员比例上位于全球第103位，在国际学生比例上位于全球第165位。普林斯顿大学在国际教员比例上位于全球第229位，在国际学生比例上位于全球第188位。在全球范围内，这两所大学仍然是工作和学习上相当国际化的大学——但是这仍然是这两所常青藤名校有改进空间的地方。
Subject strengths
Taking a look at the QS World University Rankings by Subject provides some more detailed insights into the individual subjects for which Harvard and Princeton each school is best known.
In 2017, Harvard University ranked as the world leader in 14 different subjects. Although Princeton isn’t considered the best in the world for any particular subject, it’s featured in the top 10 for 10 different subjects.
The table below lets you see how the two schools directly compare for each subject. If no rank is given, it’s highly likely the subject isn’t available at that particular university.
优势专业
看看QS世界大学专业排名，这个排名提供了一些更详细的比较，让你能够清晰了解哈佛大学和普林斯顿大学各自最有名的的专业是哪些。
在2017年的排名中，哈佛大学在14个不同专业中都位居世界第1的位置。虽然普林斯顿大学没有任何特定专业是全球最佳的，但是也有10个不同的专业位于全球前10名内。
下面的表格让你看看两所大学在每一个专业的直接比较。如果没有给出排名的话，那么很可能是那所大学没有提供这个专业。
Location
Harvard can be found in the university town of Cambridge, Massachusetts, just to the north of the city of Boston. Named after the University of Cambridge in the UK, Cambridge, MA, is also home to the world’s current number one university, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Unsurprisingly for a town with two prominent universities in such close proximity, the city has a longstanding history of being an academic hub, with a student-centered community.
With river banks lined with trees, historical architecture and a thriving arts and culture scene, Cambridge is, in many ways, the archetypal student location. For those who want a bit more of a cosmopolitan experience, it’s an easy trip to neighboring Boston, one of the leading urban centers in the US.
Traveling southwest from Massachusetts, through the states of Connecticut and New York, down through Manhattan and the Bronx, you come to the state of New Jersey, where Princeton University is located, in the town from which it takes its name.
Much like Cambridge, MA, Princeton very much has the feel of being a “college town”, with its student population playing a key part in local life and culture. The college campus itself, which features architecture from the 18th century onwards and the manmade Lake Carnegie, has been listed as one of the most attractive among US universities.
所在位置
哈佛大学位于马萨诸塞州的大学城剑桥，就在波士顿的北面。剑桥是根据英国的剑桥大学命名的，但是这个剑桥不是在英国，是在美国马塞诸塞州。剑桥还有目前世界大学排名第1位的大学——麻省理工学院。这座城市与两所著名大学相距如此之近是意料之中的，因为这里有着悠久的历史，是一个学术中心，有一个以学生为中心的社区。
河岸两旁都种满了树木，还有充满历史感的建筑以及蓬勃发展的艺术和文化，剑桥在许多方面都是学生心目中的原型。对于那些想要更多全球化体验的学生来说，从这里去波士顿非常方便，波士顿也是美国领先的都市中心之一。
从马萨诸塞州西南部出发，通过康涅狄格州和纽约州，往下经过曼哈顿和布朗克斯，然后你就会来到新泽西州，这里也是普林斯顿大学的所在地，普林斯顿大学就位于普林斯顿小镇上，这个小镇也是以这所大学的名字命名的。
就像马萨诸塞州的剑桥一样，在很大程度上普林斯顿也感觉是一个“大学城”，因为学生人口在当地的生活和文化中扮演了非常关键的角色。普林斯顿大学的校园本身有18世纪的古建筑，还有剑桥湖这样的人工湖，普林斯顿大学也被评为最具吸引力的美国大学之一。
Student community
Harvard University, significantly larger than Princeton, has a total student enrollment of 22,000, of which 15,250 are postgraduate students. Princeton claims a total enrolment of 8,181, of which 2,781 are postgraduates. These large numbers of postgraduates, making up two thirds of enrolment at Harvard and over one quarter of enrolments at Princeton, reflect the strong focus on research at each school.
Though (as mentioned above) international diversity is not the strongest indicator for either institution, both offer reasonably high proportions of overseas students: in both cases, around 22% of all students are international, with the majority of Princeton’s international students studying at graduate level.
学生群体
哈佛大学比普林斯顿大得多, 学生总人数为2.2万人, 其中15250为研究生。普林斯顿大学的总入学率为 8181, 其中2781是研究生。这些数量庞大的研究生, 在哈佛大学招生人数的三分之二, 以及普林斯顿大学四分之一的入学人数, 反映了每所学校对研究的强烈关注。
虽然 (如上所述) 国际多样性不是任何机构的最有力指标, 但两者都提供了相当高比例的海外留学生: 在这两种情况下, 大约22% 的学生都是国际性的, 大部分的普林斯顿国际学生都在攻读研究生学位。
Tuition fees
As is the case for US universities more widely, tuition fees at the top Ivy League schools are among the highest in the world. However, you certainly shouldn’t let this prevent you from considering either school, as both schools operate a “need blind” admission policy – meaning financial aid is always available for those who gain an offer of a place.
At Harvard, undergraduate fees currently stand at US$44,990 annually (2017-18) with additional costs for accommodation, travel and personal expenses bringing this figure up to an overall yearly expenditure of between $69,600 and $73,600. At Princeton, annual tuition fees are higher, at $47,140 (2017-18), with accommodation, travel and personal costs bringing the yearly spend to approximately $67,100. Be aware that, for both schools, this latter figure depends on how frugal your lifestyle is.
Other costs you may have to pay include the fee for health insurance if you don’t already have it. At Harvard, the health insurance plan is $3,130, while at Princeton it’s $1,800.
Graduate fees are typically more expensive wherever you study, and also tend to fluctuate significantly depending on the field of study. At Harvard’s Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, tuition fees stand at $43,296 (2016-17 figures) with an advised additional living expenses budget of at least $37,320 for 10 months. Princeton charges regular graduate tuition fees of $45,320 per year with additional approximate living expenses of $24,500 per 10 months.
If you’re considering studying medicine or business, however, costs will be higher still. At Harvard’s Medical School (for graduate students only) fees stand at $58,050 (2016-17 figures), while at Harvard Business School an MBA program will cost $72,000, with a total recommended annual budget of $106,800 (2017-18 figures).
学费
就像美国大学的普遍情况一样，常春藤名校的学费更是在世界范围内名列前茅。但是，你当然不应该让这个成为阻止你选择这些常春藤盟校的理由，因为不管是哈佛大学还是普林斯顿大学都实行实行不考虑经济能力(仅依据学生能力)的录取政策——这就意味着，经济援助永远会为那些能够成功被这些大学录取的学生提供。
在哈佛大学，目前本科生的学费是44,990美元每年(2017-18学年)，还要再加上住宿费、交通费和个人费用等额外费用，使得这个数字达到69,600美元到73,600美元每年的总支出。在普林斯顿大学，每年的学费要更高一些，为47,140美元每年(2017-18学年)，然后加上住宿费、交通费和个人费用使每年的支出达到大约67,100美元。但是请注意，对于这两所大学来说，你的住宿费、交通费和个人费用等费用需要多少取决于你的生活方式有多节俭。
其他你可能需要支付的费用还包括健康保险的费用，如果你还没有购买的话。在哈佛大学，健康保险的费用是3,130美元，而在普林斯顿大学则是1,800美元。
不管你在哪所大学求学，研究生的学费通常会更贵一些，而且根据你学习专业的不同也往往会有很大的波动。在哈佛大学的研究生文理学院，学费是43,296美元(2016-17学年数据)再加上建议的10个月额外生活开支最少37,320美元。普林斯顿大学每年收取45,320美元的普通研究生学费，额外的生活费大约为10个月24,500美元。
但是，如果你正在考虑学习医学或者商科专业，那么费用将会更高。哈佛大学医学院 (仅限研究生) 的学费为58,050美元 (2016-17学年数据)，而哈佛大学商学院的MBA课程学费高达72,000美元，建议的年度预算总额为106,800美元(2017-18学年数据)。
Financial aid
If you’ve read the last passage with a pained expression on your face, then help is at hand. You’ll be pleased to hear that, like most of the Ivy League schools, Harvard and Princeton both offer generous financial aid programs. As many as 60% of undergraduate students receive need-based financial aid at Princeton, while the figure at Harvard is 55%.
Harvard offers payment of full tuition for students of families earning less than US$65,000 annually, with more than 20% of student’s families paying nothing. At Princeton, the average financial aid grant for a student admitted for the class of 2020 was $48,000.
Both are among the five US universities to run a need-blind policy for all undergraduate students, both international and domestic. This means a pledge to admit all students based solely on merit and nothing else, even if you’re unable to pay any of the fees. If you then accept the offer, each school will contribute as much as is needed for you to attend their program.
And what about graduate students? Yes, both universities offer funds to graduates too, often in the form of grants, loans, fellowships and scholarships, as well as paid employment. The amount offered is dependent on several factors, including level of study, program and financial situation – for information on exactly how much you can expect to pay, visit Harvard or Princeton’s graduate school website.
经济援助
如果你在阅读这最后一段的时候脸上是痛苦的表情，那么帮助就是触手可及的地方。你会高兴地听到，像大多数常春藤盟校一样，哈佛大学和普林斯顿大学都提供了慷慨的经济援助项目。在普林斯顿大学，有多达60% 的本科生获得了基于需求的经济援助，而哈佛大学获得基于需求的经济援助的学生人数大约占55%。
哈佛大学每年为收入少于6.5万美元家庭的美国学生支付全额学费，超过20%的学生家庭没有支付任何费用就可以在哈佛大学求学。在普林斯顿大学，2020级被录取学生的平均经济援助补助金是4.8万美元。
这两所大学都是美国顶尖的5所大学其中一员，都对所有的国际和国内本科生实行了不考虑经济能力(仅依据学生能力)的录取政策。这意味着，大学将确保录取学生只是择优录取，而不考虑其他的。如果你接受了大学的录取通知，那么每所大学都会尽可能为你提供任何你需要的援助，以确保你能够顺利就读。
那么研究生呢?是的，这两所大学也都会为研究生提供资金，通常以助学金、贷款、研究金补助金和奖学金，以及有偿就业的形式。所提供的金额取决于几个因素，包括你就读的等级、项目和经济状况——如果你想了解你到底能获得多少经济援助，那么你可以访问哈佛大学或者普林斯顿大学研究生院的网站。
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