美国杜克大学基本概况
杜克大学创办于1838年，是美国一所相对年轻的顶尖大学，目前在QS大学排名中和密歇根大学并列世界第21位。杜克大学的基本概况是怎样的呢?和我爱学习网来看看吧。
相比美国的大多数著名研究型大学，杜克大学要年轻，并且连续排在最顶尖大学之列。杜克大学的研究生院和职业学院比如商学院、神学院、工程学院、环境学院、法学院、医学院、护理学院和公共政策学院，是各自领域里最顶尖的学院之一。杜克大学本部位于北卡州德奈姆市，占地近9千英亩，而德奈姆市则是一座有着20多万人口的城市。杜克大学在国际上也比较活跃，在新加坡有杜克—国大医学研究生院，在中国有杜克大学昆山校区，在世界其他地方也有许许多多的研究和教育项目。杜克大学超过75%的学生通过“杜克参与”和其他项目，参与德奈姆市和世界各地的服务式学习机会中。“杜克参与”和类似项目的目的是推进杜克大学的使命，即“知识服务于社会”。
Duke University in Durham, N.C., traces its origins to 1838, when Methodist and Quaker families in rural Randolph County employed Brantley York as a permanent teacher for their subscription school. Under his leadership, the infrequently-used Brown's Schoolhouse became Union Institute. However, as Quaker support turned toward its own school in Guilford County, Braxton Craven (York's successor as principal in 1842) turned to the state for assistance. Craven sought and won from the North Carolina legislature a rechartering of the academy as Normal College in 1851 and the privilege of granting degrees in 1853.
Because the state's public school system was emerging slowly, Craven, a licensed and later-ordained preacher, turned to the Methodist Episcopal Church, South to keep the school operating. The trustees agreed to provide free education for Methodist preachers in return for financial support by the church, and in 1859 the transformation was formalized with a name change to Trinity College. Though never devoid of financial difficulties, Trinity's enrollment increased, even attracting students from out of state, and the college managed to survive the vicissitudes of Civil War and Reconstruction.
Contrary to the experience of many 19th-century private institutions, Trinity survived Craven's death in 1882 through its Methodist connection, the interim leadership of President Marquis L. Wood and a Committee of Management made up of businessmen John W. Alspaugh and James A. Gray of Winston-Salem, N.C., and Julian S. Carr of Durham.
A most significant turning point occurred in 1887, when the youthful, Northern-born, Yale-trained John F. Crowell became Trinity's president. Committed to the German university model, which emphasized research over recitation, Crowell directed a major revision in the curriculum, established the first campus-wide research library and, most important, persuaded the trustees that the college's future development lay in an urban setting where it would be far easier to attract student, faculty and financial support.
杜克大学位于美国北卡罗兰纳州的德奈姆市，其历史可追溯到1838年。其时，兰道夫县的循道宗信徒和贵格会信徒雇用教士布兰特利约克作为他们认捐学校的永久教师。在布兰特利约克的领导下，布朗不经常被使用的校舍成为了联合学术机构所在地。不过，随着贵格会信徒的支持倒向吉尔福德县的学校，布拉克斯顿克雷文(1842年继布兰特利约克成为校长)不得不向北卡罗兰纳州求助。克雷文赢得了北卡州会议的支持，于1851年获准将学校改名为师范学院，并在1853年获得了授予学位的特权。
随着北卡州公立学院制度逐渐出现，克雷文转向卫理圣公会教堂求助，以保持学校的运行。克雷文从教会那里得到了经济援助，作为回报，托管组同意为教会传教士提供免费教育。1859年，师范学院正式更名为三一学院。虽然未从摆脱经济困难，但是三一学院的注册人数在不断增加，甚至吸引了北卡州以外的学生。不仅如此，三一学院还成功渡过了内战与重建的变迁。
同美国19世纪许多私立机构的经历相反，三一学院由于与卫理圣公会的联系，没有因克雷文的逝世(1882)衰落，渡过了伍德侯爵校长的临时领导，以及由约翰艾尔斯夫和詹姆斯格锐等商人组成的管理委员会的管理。
最重要的转折点出现在1887年。其时，北部出生、受过耶鲁教育的年轻的约翰克罗韦尔担任了三一学院校长。克罗韦尔忠实于强调研究高于背诵的德国大学模式，对课程进行了重大的修改，建立了首个校园研究型图书馆。最重要的是，他相信学院的未来发展依赖于城市环境，认为城市环境更能吸引学生、教员和经济支持。不仅如此，他还说服了托管组。
Rated the maximum five QS stars, with full marks in research, innovation, facilities and specialist criteria, Duke University was ranked 24th in our QS World University Rankings® 2016-2017.
Ranked 39th in the world for student employability, Duke University excels in a number of subjects, including theology, religious studies and divinity, English language and literature, history, the biological sciences, medicine, economics and econometry, and life sciences and medicine.
Duke University offers two undergraduate paths: liberal arts and engineering.
Depending on your interests, you’ll be able to choose between 53 majors, including:
Russian,Visual arts, Romance studies, Mathematics,Global health,and Environmental engineering.
Duke University’s graduate school runs over 70 certificates, master’s degrees and PhDs, including:
Genetics and genomics,Earth and ocean sciences,Molecular cancer biology,Public policy studies, and Psychology and neuroscience.
杜克大学在2016-2017QS世界大学排名中位列世界第24位，获得最高的五星评级，在研究、创新、设施和专业标准四个指标中获得满分。毕业生就业力位列世界第39位。
杜克大学在许多学科领域都很优秀，包括神学、宗教研究与神学、英语语言文学、历史、生物学、医学、经济学与计量经济学、生命科学和医学。
根据个人兴趣，你可以在53个专业之间做出选择，包括俄语、视觉艺术、罗马研究、数学、全球卫生和环境工程，等等。
在研究生阶段，杜克大学提供70个证书、硕士学位和博士学位，包括遗传学与基因组学、地球与海洋科学、分子癌症生物学、公共政策研究以及心理学与神经科学。
Scholarly Pursuit
We guide our students to find their own academic paths by helping them to reason, analyze and understand in unprecedented ways. The undergraduate experience at Duke is characterized by a spirit of academic energy, exploration and challenge.
Influenced Study
We are a research university with resources to connect undergraduate education to the processes of inquiry and discovery. Duke students explore ideas by collaborating directly with our exceptional faculty in a program of study that focuses on interdisciplinary exploration.
Engaged Immersion
A student's education doesn't end at the classroom door. We provide an incredible variety of opportunities for students to enhance and supplement in-class learning with hands-on experiences, service in the community—both locally and globally—and development of leadership skills.
学术追求
我们帮助学生用全新的方式思考、分析和理解，引领他们找到自己的学术道路。杜克大学本科阶段的体验以学术活力、探索和挑战之精神为著。
影响研究
杜克大学是一所研究型大学，提供资源让本科教育与探索和发现的过程发生联系。杜克大学的学生直接与优秀的教员共事，专注于跨学科探索，在此基础上探索思想。
渗透参与
学生教育不以教室门为终点。我们为学生提供许许多多的机会，让他们可以提升和丰富课内学习，将课内学习同亲身实践、社区服务(包括地方和世界)以及领导技能发展结合起来。
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