俄罗斯莫斯科国立大学基本概况
俄罗斯的莫斯科国立大学创建于1755年，简称莫斯科大学，是一所历史悠久的顶级大学，那么跟着我爱学习网一起来了解下俄罗斯莫斯科国立大学基本概况吧，欢迎阅读。
Lomonosov Moscow State University.Moscow State University was established in 1755More than 40 000 students (graduate and postgraduate) and about 7 000 undergraduates study at the university, and over 5 000 specialists do the refresher course here. More than 6 000 professors and lecturers, and about 5 000 researchers work for the faculties and research institutes.Every year Moscow University enrolls about 4 000 international students and postgraduates from all over the world.Moscow University campus is an extremely complex system, with its 1 000 000 m2 floor area in 1 000 buildings and structures, with its 8 dormitories housing over 12 000 students and 300 km of utility lines.MSU library system is one of the largest in Russia, with its 9,000,000 books, 2,000,000 of them in foreign languages, and the average number of readers 55,000, using 5,500,000 books a year.
莫斯科罗蒙诺索夫国立大学，莫斯科国立大学成立于1755年,超过4万名学生(研究生和研究生)和大约7000名本科生在这所大学学习，5000多名专业人士在这里进修。超过6000名教授和讲师，大约5000名研究人员为学院和研究机构工作。莫斯科大学每年招收大约4000名来自世界各地的留学生和研究生。莫斯科大学校园是一个极其复杂的系统，它的面积为100万平方米，建筑面积100万平方米，校园内一共有8个宿舍，有1.2万名学生和300平方公里的的公用设施。莫斯科罗蒙诺索夫国立大学图书馆系统是俄罗斯最大的图书馆之一，藏书900万册，其中包括外文图书200万册，平均读者550万册，每年藏书550万册。
二、历史沿革
On January 25, 1755, Russian tsar Elizabeth petrovna ordered the establishment of Moscow university, which began teaching on April 26.January 25 is the day of the college students' day in Russia.At first the university was set up in a central pharmacy on the edge of the red square, and Catherine the great moved it to a new classic building on the other side of Mokhovaya street.In 1905, a social democratic organization was founded in Moscow university, which called for the overthrow of the tsar and the establishment of a republic, which the tsarist government had repeatedly shut down.In 1911 130 scientists and professors protested against the army's entry to campus and some professors were beaten, and thousands of students were expelled.After the October revolution in 1917, universities began to accept the children of workers and peasants.In 1919, tuition was waiving, and a preparatory system was established for working-class children to pass the entrance examination.The university was renamed in 1940 to commemorate its founder, mikhail vasievic lomonosov.In 2005, the school held a grand occasion to celebrate the 250th anniversary of its founding. The school held various celebrations and invited many celebrities from the world education community to speak at the university.
1755年1月25日，俄国沙皇伊丽莎白·彼得罗芙娜下令莫斯科大学成立于同一年的4月26日，并开始教学。1月25日是大学生的一天在俄罗斯的日子。首先，大学是在红场的边缘中心药房设置和伟大的凯瑟琳搬到一个新古典建筑在莫霍瓦亚街的另一侧。1905年，社会民主党组织成立于莫斯科的大学，该组织呼吁全面推翻沙皇，共和国的建立，使沙皇政府曾多次关闭。1911年 130名科学家和教授反对军队进入校园，一些教授被殴打，成千上万的学生被开除。1917十月革命后，大学开始接受工人农民的孩子。1919年开始学费免收，并准备系统建立了工薪阶层的孩子通过入学考试，1940年大学正式更名，原因是为了纪念其创始人米哈伊尔vasievic罗蒙诺索夫。2005年，为庆祝建党第二百五十周年学校举行了隆重的场合。学校举行了各种庆祝活动，邀请了世界教育界的许多名人来大学演讲。
三、教研优势
Research Priorities in Sciences at MSU:Algebra, number theory, and mathematical logic,.Geometry and topology,Modern mathematical analysis,Differential equations and mathematical physics,Computational mathematics and programming,Discrete mathematics and artificial intelligence,Theory of probabilities and mathematical statistics,Problems in history and methodology of mathematics, mechanics, and math education,Liquid, gas and plasma mechanics,Mechanics of solids,Analytical mechanics, motion stability, control and optimization problems,Mechanics of multiphase medium,Mechanics of composites.
Research Priorities in Sciences at MSU:Differential equations in mathematical physics,Theory of probabilities and mathematical statistics,Mathematical modelling and applied mathematics methods,Mathematical methods of studying non-linear controlling systems and processes,Theory, methods, and software.
Research Priorities in Sciences at MSU:Mathematics,Condensed matter physics,Optics and laser physics,Radio physics and electronics; acoustics,Plasma physics,Nuclear physics,Heat-mass exchange, hydrodynamics, gas dynamics, plasma dynamics,Life sciences,Earth sciences,Development of education.
Research Priorities in Sciences at MSU:Developing new methods of partition, concentration and identification of small quantities of organic and inorganic substances in the environment, food stuff and biomedical objects.Modern problems of chemistry and physical chemistry of high molecular compounds.Physical-chemical mechanics of solid and dispersion systems: molecular mechanisms of Rebinder's Effect: influence of ambience on interaction of dispersion particles and structurization.Research in the field of laser-induced physical-chemical processes.Inorganic chemistry as the basis for developing new generations of functional.materials.Developing efficient methods of teaching sciences, chemistry in particular..Modern methods of physical-chemical analysis in examining the diagrams of complex systems conditions.Molecular design of organic structures and organic reactions; research, synthesizing, and testing new organic compounds developed for practical purposes.Element-organic compounds as reagents and catalysts in the synthesis of organic and organo- metallic compounds.Radionuclids and tagged compounds in chemistry and biology.Tracer diagnostics of chemical processes and materials,Dosemetry and radioactivity of the environment.Structure and dynamics of atomic-molecular systems.Chemical thermodynamics.Catalysis, physical chemistry of surface.Physical-chemical basics of partition and purification of materials and isotopes.Chemistry of high pressure condition.Chemistry of energy-intensive and coal graphite materials.New approaches to the problem of hydrocarbons natural resources rational use.Organic chemistry of nucleic acids and NC-protein complexes.Chemical methods of studying the structure and function of complex RN-proteins.Kinetics and mechanisms of photochemistry, cryochemistry and catalytic processes and developing new materials and technologies on the basis of organized molecular systems.Developing new technological systems to process chemical raw materials and fuel: the concept of safe technosphere.Chemical enzymology.Electrochemistry.Organic systems radiation chemistry.
Research Priorities in Sciences at MSU:Physical-chemical basis of biology and biotechnologies.Mechanisms of physiological activity, development, and stability of humans and animals.General biology and ecology.
Research Priorities in Sciences at MSU:Biochemical functions of breathing.Ferments bioengineering.
Research Priorities in Sciences at MSU:Soil evolution and functioning in natural and anthropogenic landscape.Ecological-functional and evolutionary-genetic geography of soil.Role of soil microorganisms in bio-sphere functions of soils.Chemical basis of soil formation, fertility and chemical monitoring.Diagnostics and evaluation of ecological condition of soil and biocenose under different land-use.Theory and methods of research of physical characteristics and processes in topsoil and energy-mass-exchange within the soil-plant-atmosphere system.Genesis and melioration of soil.Radio-ecology of overland ecosystems.Current fertility state of different types of soil and agrochemical methods of its reproduction.Soil erosion regularities and the role of erosion in erosion-prone landscapes ecology.Ecological monitoring of sod-podzol soil in Moscow suburbs.Information support for developing agro technologies and rational nature management.Ecological standardization; natural and man-transformed soil and land resources evaluation.
Research Priorities in Sciences at MSU:Composition, construction, evolution, and geodynamics of lithosphere (the deep structure of continents and oceans; geodynamics, tensing condition of subsoil and disastrous processes; geospheres interaction; problems of the Cambrian period; evolution of the organic world)Geology and geochemistry of combustible fossils (problems of oil and gas; fluids in the terrestrial cortex).Conditions of formation and regularities of occurrence of natural resources deposits (Mineral-raw materials problems of geo-economics; genetic particularities of gold deposits).Occurrence and distribution of the chemical elements in the Earth, physical-chemical processes of minerals, rock and ore formation in geo-spheres (physical-chemical nature of processes in geo-spheres; fluids and formation of magma in the terrestrial cortex and mantle; ecological and search geochemistry; the synthesis of crystals with unique characteristics; crystal chemistry).Problems of engineering and ecological geology, hydrogeology and geocryology (geology of the environment; underground water resources, their dynamics and protection; fresh underground water resources; condition of cryolithizone and forecasting its development).Theory and methodology of lithosphere geophysical research
Research Priorities in Sciences at MSU:Evolution and operation of geo-systems and resources of land surfaces.Complex research of the climate, the World Ocean and fresh water; processes of interaction of the hydrosphere, atmosphere, lithosphere and biosphere in the past and in the present.Ecologic-geographical analysis of anthropogenic changes of landscapes and their components.The spatial structure of world economy and socio-economic and geopolitical activity in Russia and other countries.Geography of unfavourable and threatening natural processes: theory and practice.Theory and methodology of geographical cartography, geo-informatics and remote monitoring of natural and social-economic geo-systems.Theory and methodology of geography and its branches; interaction between nature and society.
Research Priorities in Sciences at MSU:Developing new generation nanomaterials and nanotechnologies.Developing new types of functional materials.The use of non-linear dynamics methods to solve materials science problems.Developing the university system of training highly qualified specialists in materials science
Research Priorities in Sciences at MSU:Research of mechanisms of free radical pathology of cells.Metabolism changes under extreme exposure.Research of mechanisms of organism adaptation to oxygen deficit and other environmental factors.Research of central and peripheral mechanisms of blood pressure regulation with the goal of pharmacological correction of the hypertensive state.Research of reception and intracellular signalizing in the heart and blood vessels cells.
莫斯科国立大学力学和数学的科学研究所优先研究事项：代数、数论和数学逻辑、几何和拓扑结构、现代数学分析、微分方程和数学物理、计算数学和编程、离散数学和人工智能、概率论与数理统计、数学、力学和数学教育的历史和方法论问题、液体，气体和等离子体力学、固体力学、分析力学，运动稳定性，控制和优化问题、多相介质力学、复合材料力学。
莫斯科国立大学计算数学和控制论的科学研究优先事项：数学物理中的微分方程、概率论与数理统计、数学建模和应用数学方法、研究非线性控制系统和过程的数学方法、理论、方法和软件学。
莫斯科国立大学物理的科学研究优先事项：数学、凝聚态物理、光学和激光物理学、无线电物理和电子、声学、等离子体物理、核物理、热质量交换，流体动力学，气体动力学，等离子动力学、生命科学、地球科学发展教育。
莫斯科国立大学化学学院的科学研究优先事项：在环境、食品和生物医学等领域，开发新型的有机和无机物质的分离、浓缩和鉴别方法。化学和高分子化合物的物理化学的现代问题，固体和分散系统的物理化学力学:重粘合剂效应的分子机制:环境对分散粒子的相互作用和结构化的影响。激光诱发物理化学过程的研究，无机化学是开发新一代功能性材料的基础，发展有效的教学方法，尤其是化学现代物理化学分析方法在检查复杂系统条件图的过程中，有机结构和有机反应的分子设计;研究、合成和测试用于实际用途的新型有机化合物，元素有机化合物作为有机和有机金属化合物合成的试剂和催化剂。化学和生物的放射性物质和标记化合物，化学过程和材料的示踪剂诊断，环境的剂量测定和放射性，原子分子系统的结构和动力学，化学热力学，表面的催化，表面的物理化学，材料和同位素的分离和纯化的物理化学基础，高压条件化学，能源密集型和煤炭石墨材料的化学，解决碳氢化合物自然资源问题的新方法，核酸和nc蛋白复合物的有机化学，研究复杂蛋白的结构和功能的化学方法，光化学、低温化学和催化过程的动力学和机制，以及在有组织的分子系统基础上开发新的材料和技术，开发新技术系统来处理化学原料和燃料:安全技术领域的概念，化学酶学，电化学，有机系统辐射化学
莫斯科国立大学生物学院的科学研究优先事项：生物学和生物技术的物理化学基础，人类和动物的生理活动、发育和稳定机制，一般生物学和生态学。
莫斯科国立大学生物工程和生物信息学的科学研究优先事项:生化功能的呼吸，发酵生物工程
莫斯科国立大学土壤科学学院的科学研究优先事项:自然和人为景观的土壤进化和功能，土壤生态功能和进化-遗传地理学，土壤微生物在土壤生物领域的作用，土壤形成、肥力和化学监测的化学基础，对不同土地利用土壤和生物群落生态条件的诊断和评价，土壤-植物-大气系统中表层土壤和能量-质交换的物理特性和过程的理论和方法，土壤的起源和改良，放射生态学的陆地生态系统，目前不同类型土壤和农业化学方法的繁殖状态，土壤侵蚀规律和侵蚀在侵蚀性的景观生态学中所扮演的角色，莫斯科郊区的苏-灰壤土的生态监测，开发agro技术和rational自然管理的信息支持，生态标准化，自然和人工改造的土地和土地资源评估。
莫斯科国立大学地质学院的科学研究优先事项:岩石圈的组成、构造、演化和地球动力学(大陆和海洋的深层结构;地球动力学，土壤的紧张状况和灾难性的过程;陆圈互动;寒武纪的问题;有机世界的进化)，可燃化石的地质和地球化学(石油和天然气的问题;陆地皮层的液体)。自然资源矿床发生的形成和规律(地质经济学的矿物原料问题;黄金矿床的遗传特性)。地球化学元素的发生和分布，地球物理化学过程的物理化学过程(地球物理化学性质的物理化学性质;陆地皮层和地幔的岩浆和岩浆的形成;生态和搜索地球化学;具有独特特性的晶体的合成;晶体化学)。工程和生态地质、水文地质和地质构造(环境地质;地下水资源，他们的动力和保护;新鲜的地下水资源;冰冻层的条件和预测的发展)，岩石圈地球物理研究的理论和方法。
莫斯科国立大学地理学院的科学优先事项:地质系统和土地资源的演化和操作，对气候、海洋和淡水的复杂研究;过去和现在的水球、大气、岩石圈和生物圈相互作用的过程，生态地理分析，对景观及其组成部分的人为变化。世界经济的空间结构以及俄罗斯和其他国家的社会经济和地缘政治活动，对自然过程的不利和威胁的地理环境:理论与实践，地理制图学、地理信息学和对自然和社会经济系统的远程监测的理论和方法，地理及其分支的理论和方法;自然与社会的互动。
莫斯科国立大学材料科学学院的科学研究优先事项:开发新一代纳米材料和纳米技术，开发新型的功能性材料，利用非线性动力学方法来解决材料科学的问题，发展大学教育体系，培养高素质的材料科学专业人才。
莫斯科国立大学药学院的科学研究优先事项:细胞自由基病理机制的研究，在极端暴露下的代谢变化，对氧缺陷和其他环境因素的适应机制的研究，血压调节的中心和外围机制的研究，目的是对高血压状态进行药理学校正，对心脏和血管细胞内信号的接收和细胞内信号的研究。
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