德国洪堡大学基本概况
德国的洪堡大学的创办于1810年的10月，前身是柏林大学是欧洲最具有影响力的大学之一。那么跟着我爱学习网一起来了解下德国洪堡大学基本概况吧，欢迎阅读。
General Facts about Humboldt-Universität,Two hundred years ago, in 1810, Wilhelm von Humboldt's vision of a new type of university became reality. The newly founded Prussian alma mater was the first to introduce the unity of research and teaching, to uphold the ideal of research without restrictions and to provide a comprehensive education for its students. These principles of Wilhelm von Humboldt and a select group of contemporaries soon became general practice throughout the world. A new era of university and academic research had begun.2010 marked the 200th anniversary of the Humboldt-Universität. Numerous events from October 2009 to December 2010 honoured the ideas of its founding fathers. In dialogue with the city of Berlin, the alma mater celebrated science, research and teaching, and the relevance of Humboldt’s founding principles for the present day.During it’s history, the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin has undergone many profound changes. The most recent reformation followed the Peaceful Revolution in East Germany in 1989. Many new outstanding professors were appointed from East and West, from Germany and from abroad.As one of eleven German universities, the Humboldt-Universität was chosen “University of Excellence” in June 2012. It was successful in all three funding lines in the third round of the Excellence Initiative of the German federal and state governments and awarded for its future concept “Educating Enquiring Minds: Individuality – Openness – Guidance”. In an international comparison, Humboldt- Universität ranks among the top ten of German universities. Scientists here research socially relevant topics and challenges of the future and communicate these with the public. Humboldt-Universität invests all its energy in being a place of excellent research and teaching. It’s aim is to promote young talents and to positively influence society and economy outside the university framework.
二百年前，在1810年，威廉·洪堡一个新型大学的设想成了现实。新成立的普鲁士母校是率先引进研究与教学统一性，无限制地维护研究理想，为学生提供全面的教育的学校。Wilhelm von Humboldt和一批同时代人的这些原则很快成为全球的普遍做法。大学和学术研究的新时代已经开始。2010年是洪堡大学成立200周年。2009年10月至2010年12月的众多活动荣获了其创始人的观点。在与柏林市的交流中，母校庆祝科学、研究和教学以及洪堡今天的创始原则的相关性。在历史上，柏林洪堡大学经历了许多深刻的变化。最近的改革是1989年东德和平革命之后，德国和国外从东西方委派了许多新的优秀教授。作为十一个德国大学之一，洪堡大学在2012年6月被选为“卓越大学”。它在德国联邦和州政府的第三轮卓越计划中的所有三个资助项目中取得成功，并为其未来授予概念“教育思想：个性 - 开放 - 指导”。在国际比较中，洪堡大学位列德国大学十强之列。这里的科学家研究未来的社会相关话题和挑战，并与大众沟通。洪堡大学为成为优秀研究和教学的学校投入了大量精力。其目标是促进年轻人才，积极影响大学框架之外的社会和经济。
二、历史沿革
The modern classic of the reform university
The pioneering ideas of 1810 are as relevant today as they were two hundred years ago.Wilhelm von Humboldt and a select group of contemporaries were the first to call for the independence of academia, to envision the integration of the natural, social sciences and humanities and to demand the unity of research and teaching: none of these concepts have lost their relevance. The university they founded developed into a forum for lively discussion among eminent scholars like the philosopher Hegel, the law professor Savigny and the medical scientist Hufeland.Following the foundation of the German Empire in 1871, the alma mater became the largest and most renowned university in Germany, home to 29 Nobel Prize winners like Max Planck, Robert Koch or Fritz Haber. Prominent historical figures like Otto von Bismarck, Heinrich Heine and Karl Marx were students here. Owing to this newly gained attention, Humboldt’s ideas spread around the globe and inspired the creation of many akin universities.During National Socialism (from 1933 until 1945), the university experienced the most reprehensible period in its history: among its staff and students were many enthusiastic supporters of the National Socialism regime. There are few examples of resistance to the regime or the countless crimes that were committed against humanity. This made a new beginning from the physical and moral ashes all the more difficult in 1945. Yet, as early as 1946, lectures were held again in the heavily damaged main building, albeit under the watchful eyes of the Soviet occupying power. In 1949, the university parted with its old name, Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, and was renamed after the Humboldt brothers Wilhelm and Alexander.Under the influence of the higher education reforms in the GDR, the content and structure of degree courses as well as the conditions under which research was conducted altered increasingly and reflected the Communist ideology. It was not until German reunification in 1990 that the university could break new ground on the one hand and tie into older traditions on the other.Following German unification in 1990, Humboldt-Universität seized the opportunity to enhance international components in both teaching and research, and to increase the mobility of its students. This was done by explicitly continuing previously existing international cooperation and exchange agreements.Future development is focused upon three areas:the strengthening of contacts within the EC, especially under the auspices of the Socrates/Erasmus Program;,the boosting of researcher and student exchange opportunities with North American universities and colleges;,and the stabilisation of relations with partner institutions in Central and Eastern Europe..The University currently maintains formal contacts to nearly 100 academic institutions on all continents, and holds more than 400 formal contracts within the Socrates Program. Students from over 100 different foreign countries are presently enrolled at Humboldt-Universität. International students comprise 10.9% of the entire student population.Evaluation and Restructuring,As a result of the unification there were three universities in Berlin, somewhat later there were even four. Due to the problems connected with the unification process, Humboldt-Universität went through a quite extraordinary process of reorganisation in which it succeeded in attracting outstanding scientists and scholars from East and West, from home and abroad. Supported by the work of Structure and Appointment Commissions, partly consisting of academics from outside the University, and with the help of numerous expertises and recommendations from groups of experts, Humboldt-Universität began to develop its own new academic structures. The contents of study programmes was evaluated, changed and re-defined. At the same time, the entire staff was subjected to personal and academic scrutiny. Financial restrictions and structural factors led to a drastic reduction of staff.Following the internal restructuring process, Humboldt-Universität now consists of eleven faculties and two central institutes. The present Medical Faculty Charité has become the largest medical faculty in Europe as a result of the merger of the Charité University Clinics with the Virchow Clinics and the Benjamin Franklin Hospital Complex of the Freie Universität Berlin. It is now maintained by both universities.
1、历史发展
改革大学的现代经典，1810年的开创性思想与二百年前相同。
威廉·洪堡和一批同时代人首先要求学术界的独立，设想自然、社会科学和人文科学的一体化，要求研究与教学的统一：这些概念都没有失去相关性。他们创立的大学发展成为一个论坛，供诸如哲学家黑格尔、法学教授萨维尼和医学科学家洪堡大学菲兰等知名学者进行热烈的讨论。继1871年德国帝国的基础之后，母校成为德国最大最知名的大学，拥有29位诺贝尔奖得主，如马克斯·普朗克，罗伯特·科赫或弗里茨·哈伯。像Otto von Bismarck，Heinrich Heine和Karl Marx这些突出的历史人物就是这里的学生。由于这一新的关注，洪堡的想法遍布全球，激发了许多亚洲大学的创立。在国家社会主义(1933年至1945年)期间，大学历史上最受谴责的时期：其工作人员和学生都是国家社会主义制度的许多热心支持者。很少有对政权的抵制或反对人类的无数罪行的例子。这在1945年从物理和道德灰烬变成了一个新的开始，并且变得更加困难。然而，早在1946年，尽管在苏维埃占领国的监视下，在严重受损的主楼再次举行了讲座。在1949年，大学与旧名称弗里德里希 - 威廉姆斯大学分开，并在洪堡兄弟威廉和亚历山大之后更名。在德意志民主共和国高等教育改革的影响下，学位课程的内容和结构以及研究的条件越来越多地反映了共产主义意识形态。直到德国1990年的统一，大学才打破新的领域与老式传统相联系。1990年德国统一后，洪堡大学抓住机会，加强教学和研究方面的国际组成部分，增加学生的流动性。这是通过明确继续以前存在的国际合作和交换协议来实现的。
2、未来发展
未来发展集中在三个方面：在苏格拉底/伊拉斯姆斯计划的支持下加强欧共体内的联系;与北美大学和学院一起提高研究者和学生交流机会;以及稳定与中欧和东欧伙伴机构的关系;大学目前与各大洲近百所学术机构保持正式联系，并在苏格兰计划范围内拥有400多项正式合同。来自100多个不同国家的学生目前在洪堡大学招收。国际学生占全体学生人数的10.9%。评估与重组，由于统一，柏林有三所大学，稍后还有四所。由于与统一过程相关的问题，洪堡大学经历了非常特别的重组过程，成功吸引了来自国内外的东西方优秀科学家和学者。由结构和任用委员会的工作支持，部分由大学以外的学者组成，并在专家组的众多专家和建议的帮助下，洪堡大学开始发展自己的新学术结构。研究方案的内容进行了评估，修改和重新界定。同时，全体员工受到个人和学术审查。在内部重组进程之后，洪堡大学现由11个院系和两个中央研究所组成。由于Charité大学诊所与Virchow诊所和柏林自由大学本杰明富兰克林医院综合大楼合并，现在的医学系Charité已经成为欧洲最大的医学教师。现在由两所大学维系。
三、教研优势
1.概况
Research at Humboldt-Universität
Research at the Humboldt-Universität goes beyond the traditional division of humanities and social sciences on one hand and natural and life sciences on the other.Amongst the wide spectrum of research activities, the university has identified the following focal points: studies of the ancient world and history of science; philosophy; quantitative economics; life sciences with a focus on theoretical biology, neuroscience and immunobiology; mathematics as a key technology; material and optical sciences as well as climate and sustainability research. These focal points are grounded on ten Collaborative Research Centres, twelve Research Training Groups and eleven interdisciplinary centres. As nerve centres for collaboration, integrative research institutes in the life sciences and natural sciences – a unique phenomenon of Humboldt-Universität – cross-link different research areas and identify as well as address pressing issues of the future.Over 400 professors work at Humboldt-Universität in research and teaching. The university is well aware of the importance of supporting the next generation of researchers. Thus, for many years it has had a pioneering role in instigating and securing funding for various junior training groups, graduate colleges and graduate schools from many funding bodies. Humboldt-Universität was among the first universities to introduce the junior professorship. At a doctoral level, the Humboldt Graduate School has been designed as an umbrella organisation to train doctoral students. Exceptional academic candidates are given the opportunity of conducting research independently and teaching very early on.Interdisciplinarity is key to all research efforts. The Berlin School of Mind and Brain, is a vivid example of experts working closely together to grasp today’s relevant questions. Here, philosophers work alongside neuroscientists to reflect on decision-making processes, conscious and unconscious perception or mental disorders is.
洪堡大学的研究一方面超越传统的人文科学和社会科学，另一方面也是自然与生命科学。在广泛的研究活动中，大学确定了以下协调中心：古代世界研究和科学史、哲学、定量经济学、生命科学、重点理论生物学、神经科学和免疫生物学、数学作为关键技术、材料和光学科学以及气候和可持续性研究。这些协调中心建立在十个合作研究中心，十二个研究培训组和十一个跨学科中心的基础上。作为协作的神经中心，生命科学和自然科学的综合研究机构 - 洪堡大学的独特现象 - 跨越不同的研究领域，识别和解决未来的紧迫问题。洪堡大学400多名教授在研究和教学中工作。大学非常了解支持下一代研究人员的重要性。因此，多年来它在许多资助机构为各种初级培训班，研究生院和研究生院煽动和获得资金方面发挥了开创性的作用。洪堡大学是首批引进初级教授的大学之一。在博士级别，洪堡研究生院被设计为一个伞式组织来培养博士生。优秀的学术候选人有机会独立进行研究，独立教学。跨学科是所有研究工作的关键。柏林心理脑学院是一个生动的例子专家紧密合作，掌握今天的相关问题。在这里哲学家与神经科学家一起工作，反思决策过程，有意识和无意识的认知或精神障碍等的相关问题。
2.研究重点
Research Focuses
Since its foundation, Humboldt-Universität has been a “universitas litterarum” embracing all major scientific disciplines in the humanities and arts, social and cultural sciences, mathematics and natural sciences, medicine and agricultural sciences. The profile of Humboldt research is reflected in Clusters of Excellence, 5 DFG Collaborative Research Centers and in 8 Research Training Groups in which Humboldt-Universität has the coordinating function. Humboldt-Universität also plays a significant role in the DFG Research Center Matheon. Being aware of the growing need for interdisciplinary research, Humboldt began to set up ad hoc Integrative Research Institutes and Interdisciplinary Centres across faculty boundaries, some of which include Collaborative Research Centres.
洪堡大学成立以来一直是人文与文艺、社会科学、数学、自然科学、医药、农业科学等各个科学领域的“宇宙学”。洪堡研究的概况在卓越丛书有所反映，5个DFG 合作研究中心和8个研究培训组织中，洪堡大学具有协调功能。洪堡大学也在德国 DFG研究中心扮演重要角色。意识到日益需要跨学科研究，洪堡开始设立特设综合研究所和跨学科界限的跨学科中心，其中包括合作研究中心。
3.卓越计划
The Excellence Initiative at HU
Since 2006, the German federal and state administrations give additional funding to universities that are leading in science and research through the Excellence Initiative. The funding is divided in three formats: Clusters of Excellence, Graduate Schools and Institutional Strategies. With the latter, universities have the opportunity to plan their development towards world-wide leading research over a longer period of time. The funding of an Institutional Strategy is therefore the highest achievement in the Excellence competition. Humboldt-Universität was able to reach this goal in the funding decision in June 2012.Since November 2012, Humboldt-Universität’s Institutional Strategy “Educating Inquiring Minds: Individuality - Openness - Guidance" is funded as one of only eleven universities to receive this recognition. Equally convincing are also HU`s Clusters of Excellence and Graduate Schools."2017 Humboldt-Universität, through its many funding formats, wants to have seen to an advance of a new generation of excellent researchers. Those researchers will have made international experiences and benefited from an inspired and stable environment during their education."Prof. Dr. Jan-Hendrik Olbertz., former President of Humboldt-UniversitätIn order to achieve its goals, Humboldt-Universität has developed a wide range of funding formats and institutions. In addition to the Clusters of Excellence and the Graduate Schools, the university uses funds to establish three Integrative Research Institutes (IRI), at which young researches find a perfect work environment. Competitive funding lines assure that the money reaches the persons and institutions who need it most.Additionally, Humboldt-Universität has set up three boards to help the President’s Office with the execution of the funding process.
自2006年以来，德国联邦和州政府为通过“卓越计划”引领科学和研究的大学提供了额外的资金。该基金分为三种形式:卓越的集群、研究生院和机构战略。有了后者，大学就有机会在更长的一段时间内，规划他们的全球领先研究。因此，机构战略的资金投入是卓越竞争的最高成就。在2012年6月的资助决策中，洪堡大学能够实现这一目标。自2012年11月以来，洪堡大学的机构战略“教育咨询人才:个性-开放-指导”是仅有的11所获得这一认可的大学之一。同样令人信服的还有洪堡大学的优秀和研究生院。2017年的美国大学，通过它的许多资助形式，希望看到新一代优秀研究人员的进步。这些研究人员将在他们的教育过程中获得国际经验，并从一个受启发和稳定的环境中受益，Jan-Hendrik Olbertz博士教授说道。前美国大学的前校长为了实现它的目标，洪堡大学已经发展出了广泛的资金形式和制度。除了优秀和研究生院外，该大学还利用资金建立了三个综合研究机构(IRI)，在这些研究机构中，年轻的研究人员发现了一个完美的工作环境。有竞争力的资金来源保证这些资金能够到达最需要的人和机构。此外，洪堡大学还设立了三个委员会来帮助总统办公室执行资金的运作。
四、校园环境
1.阿德勒肖夫校区
Campus Adlershof
With more than 6,000 students, Humboldt-Universität’s Campus Adlershof is the pulsating heart of Berlin Adlershof Science City. The buildings, which were built between 1998 and 2003, provide first-class teaching and research facilities to the departments of Chemistry, Geography, Computer Science, Mathematics, Physics and Psychology.
洪堡大学阿德勒肖夫校区拥有6000多名学生，是柏林阿德勒肖夫科学城的脉搏中心。其中的建筑均建于1998年至2003年，为化学、地理、计算机科学、数学、物理和心理学等部门提供一流的教学和研究设施。
2.米特校区
Campus Mitte
Campus Mitte is the oldest of the three HU campuses. Nearly all of the humanities, social sciences, economics and business administration faculties and their departments are located here between the French Cathedral, Lustgarten, Berbelplatz, Brandenburg Gate and other sights around the magnificent boulevard of Unter den Linden in Berlin’s historical centre. The heart of Campus Mitte is HU’s main building at Unter den Linden 6, with numerous political institutions, embassies, historic buildings, cultural institutes, cafés, shops and hotels nearby.With its true research and teaching treasures, Campus Mitte adds a gallant touch to its historical surroundings. The more than 100 different scientific collections there contain over 30 million objects – including exhibits from Alexander von Humboldt’s travels and the private library of the Brothers Grimm. Humboldt-Universität has an impact on city life as a result of its artistic and scientific collections. The campus has experienced more than 200 years of eventful history – a history shaped by its very special location, once at the centre of Prussia and Germany, next the capital of East Germany, and now the centre of the reunified German nation.
米特校区是三个洪堡大学校区中最古老的校区。几乎所有的人文科学、社会科学、经济学和工商管理学系及其部门都位于法国大教堂，Lustgarten，Berbelplatz，勃兰登堡门和柏林历史中心的Unter den Linden壮丽的大道周围的其他景点。校园中心是洪堡大学主席在Unter den Linden 6的主楼附近有众多政治机构、大使馆、历史建筑、文化学院、咖啡馆、商店和酒店。凭借其真正的研究和教学宝库，米特尔校区对其历史环境增添了一个很大的触感。超过100种不同的科学藏品包含超过3000万件物品，包括亚历山大·冯·洪堡旅行的展品和格林兄弟的私人图书馆。由于其艺术和科学收藏洪堡大学对城市生活产生了影响。校园经历了二百多年的悠久历史，位于普鲁士和德国的中心，毗邻东德首府，现在是德国统一的中心。
3.北校区
Campus Nord
Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin’s Campus Nord is located in the heart of Berlin’s lively Mitte district, between Invalidenstraße and Luisenstraße.The core of the campus is an 80,000 m² park area with old trees and historical, red clinker brick buildings that were built between the late 18th and mid-20th centuries. They are joined by the former Royal Veterinary College’s anatomy theatre, designed more than 200 years ago by Carl Gotthard Langhans (the architect behind Brandenburg Gate).The modern Life Sciences campus has grown up around this structure (commonly known as the ‘Trichinae Temple’). It is home to the Faculty of the same name, which encompasses the Department of Biology, Department of Psychology and the Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences. The Faculty aims to strengthen research and teaching in the Life Sciences at Humboldt-Universität and in the Berlin region, anchoring it in the regional, national and international research landscape.Faculty subject areas collaborate in research alliances such as the Bernstein Centre, the Mind and Brain Graduate School and the Neuroure, UniCat and Image Knowledge Gestaltung excellence clusters. The Integrative Research Institute (IRI) for the Life Sciences (also located on Campus Nord) plays a pivotal role in this process. HU, Charité and the Max Delbrück Centre are partners there, working in the fields of systems biology, neuroscience and infection biology.Humboldt-Universitätzu Berlin's Campus Nord酒店位于柏林热闹的Mitte区的中心，介于Invalidenstraße和Luisenstraße之间。
校园的核心是一个8万平方米的公园区，内有老树和历史悠久的红色熟料砖建筑，建于18世纪和20世纪中叶之间。他们由前皇家兽医学院的解剖学剧院加盟，由二百年前的卡尔·哥德兰·朗哈斯(勃兰登堡门后的建筑师)设计。现代生命科学校园围绕这种结构长大(俗称“Trichinae Temple”)。它是同名的学院的所在地，其中包括生物系、心理学系和泰勒农业和园艺科学研究所。该学院旨在加强洪堡大学生命科学和柏林地区的研究与教学工作，将其国家和国际研究领域纳入研究区域。教师学科领域与伯恩斯坦中心，心理与脑研究生院以及Neuroure，UniCat和Image Knowledge Gestaltung卓越团队等研究联盟合作。生命科学综合研究所(IRI)(也位于北校区)在此过程中发挥关键作用。HU，Charité和MaxDelbrückCenter是合作伙伴在系统生物学，神经科学和感染生物学领域工作。
五、杰出校友(源自网络，非本网站翻译，排名不分先后)
在二次世界大战之前，柏林洪堡大学可以说是世界学术的中心。许多知名学者、政治家都在这里留下了他们的身影，产生过29位在化学、医学、物理和文学等领域的诺贝尔得主，成就惊人。
第一个诺贝尔化学奖获得者就出自柏林洪堡大学即当时的柏林大学，他是1901年获奖的荷兰教授雅可比·亨里修斯·凡霍夫因研究出化学动力学定律而获得诺贝尔奖。
包括物理学家爱因斯坦、普朗克，哲学家费希特、谢林、黑格尔、叔本华，神学家施莱马赫，法学家萨维尼都曾在此任教。
与此同时，共产党理论的创始者马克思、恩格斯都曾就读过柏林大学，其他曾在此就读过的还包括欧洲议会主席舒曼、哲学家费尔巴哈、著名诗人海涅、铁血宰相俾斯麦及作家库尔特·图霍尔斯基等。
柏林大学也吸引了不少中国留学生，中央大学老校长罗家伦、美学家宗白华、物理学家王淦昌、气象学家吕炯、地球物理学家赵九章、兽医学家盛彤笙、历史学家陈寅恪、傅斯年、韩儒林以及周恩来、温朋久、马君武、顾孟余、朱家骅、谷正纲、关吉玉、章伯钧、张君劢、俞大维和包尔汉等人曾在此就读。1
946-1985年，洪堡大学先后向国际上150位杰出人物颁发名誉博士证书，其中包括中国的周恩来和郭沫若。
在20世纪20年代，柏林大学成为欧洲乃至世界的学术中心，这一时期也被称为“黄金柏林1920年代”。
以上内容由我爱学习网www.52xx.cn独家翻译，版权归我爱学习网所有，未经我爱学习网授权许可，任何公司任何人不得转载，违者必追究法律责任!
相关推荐：
