院校专业
美国的宾夕法尼亚州的文化历史很是久远，宾夕法尼亚大学，建立于1740年是该州最早的设立的大学，那么美国宾夕法尼亚州有哪些顶尖大学呢?跟着我爱学习网一起来了解一下吧，欢迎阅读。
前言：宾夕法尼亚州文化古老，大学很多。设立最早的大学是宾夕法尼亚大学，建立于1740年。最著名的独立学院是迪金森学院，建于1773年，该学院位于哈里斯堡西南的小城卡莱尔市内，现已被宾夕法尼亚州立大学合并。位于费城的博物馆包括：费城艺术博物馆、宾州艺术美术学院、艺术联盟、巴恩斯博物馆、以及宾州大学博物馆。该州其他的博物馆还有：位于匹兹堡的卡内基艺术博物馆、佛力克艺术博物馆、以及匹德堡博物馆;位于哈里斯堡的州立博物馆和科学发现博物馆;位于兰卡斯特附近的宾州农业博物馆;位于波斯伯格附近的宾州军事博物馆;以及位于伊斯顿的运河博物馆。
•Pennsylvania has the US’s sixth biggest population, currently at 12.7 million.
•Before Washington DC was founded, Philadelphia was the capital of the US.
•Pennsylvania is home to one of the largest Amish communities in the world, a religious group known for their avoidance of advanced technologies and focus on communal life.
•Pittsburgh is a city of firsts – the US’s first baseball stadium, commercial radio station and automobile service station were all produced in the city.
•Philadelphia has its own signature sandwich, the Philly cheesesteak – a sandwich of (you guessed it) cheese and steak.
•On the second of February every year, the residents of Punxsutawney hold the world’s largest Groundhog Day celebrations (a ceremony to predict the arrival of spring starring a groundhog, otherwise known as a woodchuck) with groundhog Punxsutawney Phil holding celebrity status.
•Famous Pennsylvanians include actor Will Smith, comedian Tina Fey, artist Andy Warhol, poet Ezra Pound, academic Noam Chomsky, scientist and Founding Father of the US Benjamin Franklin, and current US vice president, Joe Biden.
•Pennsylvania grows more mushrooms than any other state – Kennet Square in Chester County is known as the “Mushroom Capital of the World”.
•在华盛顿特区成立之前，费城是美国的首都。
•宾夕法尼亚是世界上最大的亚米希社区之一，这是一个以避免先进技术和集中于社区生活而闻名的宗教团体。
•匹兹堡是一个第一的城市——美国第一个棒球场、商业电台和汽车服务站都是在这个城市生产的。
•费城有自己的招牌三明治，Philly cheesesteak(你猜对了)奶酪和牛排的三明治。
•每年2月2日，Punxsutawney的居民会举办世界上最大的土拨鼠日庆祝活动(一场由土拨鼠来预测春天到来的仪式，另一种被称为土拨鼠)和土拨鼠(土拨鼠)的菲尔拥有名人的地位。
•著名的宾夕法尼亚人包括演员威尔·史密斯、喜剧演员蒂娜·菲、艺术家安迪·沃霍尔、诗人埃兹拉·庞德、学者诺姆·乔姆斯基、科学家、美国的开国之父本杰明·富兰克林以及现任美国副总统乔·拜登。
•宾夕法尼亚种植的蘑菇比其他任何州都多——切斯特县的Kennet广场被称为“世界蘑菇之都”。
二、气候条件
Pennsylvania, located in the northeast of the US in the Great Lakes region, is the sixth most populated US state, with a GDP equivalent to Indonesia.Nicknamed the Keystone State for its proximity to numerous regions, Pennsylvania is bordered in the north by Lake Erie, across which lies Canada, and to the south by the Mason-Dixie line which traditionally marks the beginning of America’s southern regions. Also in the east lies the cultural capital of New York and, in the west, the states of Ohio and West Virginia.Although Pennsylvania’s major urban centers dominate common perceptions of the state, its geography is varied. Spanning incredibly diverse terrain, including rivers, coasts and plateaus, Pennsylvania also plays host to a large section of the Appalachian Mountains, which run straight through its center, linking the state to the Canadian province of Newfoundland. Other natural forests and mountain areas include the Poconos region and the Allegheny National Forest.
If you want to get out of the city, there’s no shortage of options. The battle sites of Gettysburg and Valley Gorge will excite history buffs, or you might like to visit the great Amish communities in the south. Many small towns which crop up throughout the state are also worth visiting for their artsy locals and trendy shops.Of the universities in Pennsylvania, seven are featured in the 2013/14 QS World University Rankings, with one belonging to the prestigious Ivy League.
宾州的气候颇为适中，夏季温暖而潮湿，冬季则颇为寒冷。全州的温度变化不一;南部与东部通常较北部与西部来得温暖。位于东南部的费城，其一月与七月的平均温度分别为摄氏一点一度与二十五度。位于西南部的匹兹堡，其一月与七月的均温则分别是摄氏零下二点二度与二十三点九度。该州全年的降雪量，在费城是51公分，而在伊利则可高达229公分。
位于美国东北部大湖地区的宾夕法尼亚州，是美国人口第六多的州，其GDP相当于印度尼西亚。别名“拱心石”的宾州毗邻众多地区，北靠伊利湖，位于加拿大境内，南面是梅森-迪克西线，传统上标志着美国南部地区的开始。东部还有纽约的文化之都，西部，俄亥俄州和西弗吉尼亚州。尽管宾夕法尼亚州的主要城市中心主导着对该州的普遍看法，但它的地理位置却各不相同。宾夕法尼亚州的地形极其多样，包括河流、海岸和高原，同时也在阿巴拉契亚山脉的一大片土地上运行，这些山脉直直地穿过其中心，将该州与加拿大纽芬兰省连接起来。其他天然林和山区包括波科诺斯地区和阿勒格尼国家森林。
如果你想离开这个城市出去探索更多你可以选择葛底斯堡和山谷峡谷的战场，在那里会激发历史爱好者的兴趣或者你可能会去拜访南部的亚米希人社区。许多小镇在全国各地都有出现，也值得去当地的艺术区和时髦的商店。宾夕法尼亚州共有7所大学进入了世界大学排名,属于著名的常春藤盟校。
The fourth oldest university in the US, ranking an impressive 13th in the world, the University of Pennsylvania is a private, Ivy League research university with a student population of over 24,000, located in the city of Philadelphia (one of the world’s top 50 cities for students, according to the 2013 Best Student Cities index). The founder of the University of Pennsylvania was none other than Benjamin Franklin, who advocated a multidisciplinary model and enabled the school to become respected in a wide number of fields. Its research and development budget is one of the largest in the nation, with over US$800 million being spent yearly on subjects as diverse as cancer research, pensions and retirement, government and cartographic modeling.Based on the 2014 QS World University Rankings by Subject, the university is currently within the global top 20 for its offerings in medicine, psychology, linguistics, English language and literature, economics and accounting and finance.
作为美国大学中第4古老的宾夕法尼亚大学位于费城的(世界上最大的50个城市之一的学生,根据2013年最好的学生城市指数)世界排名为13位，是一所私立、常春藤盟校的研究型大学，学生超过24000人。宾夕法尼亚大学的创始人正是本杰明·富兰克林，他倡导一种多学科的模式，使学校在众多领域中得到尊重。它的研发预算是全国最大的，每年有超过8亿美元用于癌症研究、养老金和退休、政府和制图建模等不同领域。根据2014年QS世界大学排名，该大学目前在医学、心理学、语言学、英语和文学、经济学、会计和金融学等领域的排名处于全球前20位。
2.卡内基梅隆大学
Another private research university, Carnegie Mellon University has a much lower current enrollment of just under 13,000 students. Ranked 57th in the world, the university’s main campus is located three miles from downtown Pittsburgh on 144 acres amongst a suburban neighborhood surrounded by parks and greenery.Asides from its main Pittsburgh location, Carnegie Mellon University has campuses in California’s Silicon Valley, New York’s financial district (the Tepper School of Business), Australia and Qatar, with plans to open a campus in Rwanda. The school has a strong presence in the FAME subjects (finance, accounting, management and economics), and ranks within the global top 20 for mathematics, material sciences, statistics and computer science (in which it ranks third in the world). The school is also well known for its research in the field of sustainable energy.
另一所私立研究型大学卡内基·梅隆大学现有的在校生数量远低于13,000名。这所大学世界第57位，主校区位于离匹兹堡市区有三英里远，占地144英亩，周围是公园和绿色植物。卡内基梅隆大学主要位于匹兹堡，在加州的硅谷、纽约金融区(泰珀商学院)、澳大利亚和卡塔尔都设有校区，计划在卢旺达开设分校。这所学校在名人(金融、会计学、管理学和经济学)方面有很强的影响力，在数学、材料科学、统计学和计算机科学(在世界上排名第三)中位列全球前20名。该学校也因其在可持续能源领域的研究而闻名。
Also located in Pennsylvania’s second city of Pittsburgh is the University of Pittsburgh, which ranks 106th in the world. Home to a current student population of almost 29,000, the University of Pittsburgh is a state-related (receiving funding from the state but operating independently) research institution that has been noted for its service to the local community and its impact on the economy. The school is particularly notable for its historic architecture and its 42-story Cathedral of Learning.The University of Pittsburgh makes its strongest appearance in the 2014 QS World University Rankings by Subject in the field of philosophy, for which it’s ranked third in the world.
位于宾夕法尼亚州第二城市匹兹堡的匹兹堡大学排名世界第106位。匹兹堡大学目前拥有近2.9万名学生，是国家相关的(但独立运作的)研究大学，因其服务于当地社区及其对经济的影响而闻名。匹兹堡大学在2014年QS世界大学的排名中，在哲学领域的排名是最强劲的，在全球排名第三。
4.宾州州立大学
Affectionately known as Penn State, Pennsylvania State University is the largest and highest-ranked public institution in the state, with a current enrollment of over 45,500 students in its flagship University Park campus alone (90,000 in total). Ranked joint 107th in the world, the school’s main campus is situated between the big cities of Pittsburgh and Philadelphia, approximately two to three hours’ drive away from each. The campus is surrounded largely by forest, perfect for students with a love for nature.Pennsylvania State University is ranked within the world’s top 100 in a number of subject areas, including agriculture and forestry, Earth and marine sciences, geography and material sciences.Other universities in Pennsylvania which feature in the 2013/14 QS World University Rankings include Drexel University (481-490 in the world), Lehigh University (551-600 in the world) and Temple University (551-600 in the world).
宾州州立大学被亲切地称为宾州州立大学，是该州规模最大、排名最高的公立大学，目前在校园内的学生人数超过45,500人(总数为9万人)。排名世界第107位的学校的主校区位于匹兹堡和费城的大城市之间，距离每个城市大约两到三个小时的车程。校园四周环绕着森林，对热爱自然的学生来说是完美的。宾夕法尼亚州立大学在一些学科领域排名世界前100，包括农业和林业，地球和海洋科学，地理和材料科学。在2013年至2014年的QS世界大学排名中，宾夕法尼亚大学的排名包括德雷塞尔大学(世界排名481 - 490)、Lehigh University(世界排名551 - 600)和坦普尔大学(551 - 600)。
5.其他相关信息(源自网络)
a.私立大学
利哈伊大学Lehigh University：位于伯利恒的名校，以工科和商科见长。
甘农大学Gannon University：位于伊利的以学生为中心的学校，按犹太基督教的惯例致力于大学生和研究生的全面发展。
卡内基梅隆大学Carnegie Mellon University：是匹兹堡东郊双雄之一，规模不大的私立大学，在人文艺术及计算机科学方面堪称世界顶尖。
宾夕法尼亚大学University of Pennsylvania：位于费城南郊，常青藤联盟的八所学校之一，建立时间早于美国，长于各种自然科学及社会科学，其沃顿商学院尤为著名。
德雷克塞尔大学Drexel University：费城市区的一所私立大学。该大学拥有的1600多家企业，政府和非盈利性的合作伙伴，包括一流的跨国律师事务所，银行，企业，和许多“财富”500强企业，如高盛，微软，宝洁等。
迪尤肯大学Duquesne University：四年制私立天主教大学，位于匹兹堡市区，其药剂学的声誉相当不错。
巴克内尔大学Bucknell University：位于宾夕法尼亚中部刘易斯堡的一所小型文理学院，其本科生毕业就业质量仅次于达特茅斯学院，高居全美第二。
威尔克斯大学Wilkes University：建于1933年，前身是巴克内尔大学分校，毕业生质量优秀，学校优势学科为商科及工科。
维拉诺瓦大学Villanova University：位于美国宾夕法尼亚州费城西北郊一所私立大学，是宾夕法尼亚州历史最悠久，规模最大的天主教大学。
布林茅尔学院Bryn Mawr College：位于费城郊区的一所著名的女校。
富兰克林和马歇尔学院Franklin and Marshall College：位于宾州中南部的一所文理学院。
哈弗福德学院Haverford College：位于费城郊区的一所宗教指向的文理学院。
斯沃斯莫尔学院Swarthmore College：位于费城的著名顶尖文理学院，美国本科教育的标榜院校之一。
拉法耶特学院Lafayette College：位于伊斯顿的著名文理学院。
b.州关联大学
(州关联大学是宾夕法尼亚特有的大学类别，这些学校名义上是公立大学，实际上主要有私立大学的特性，以私立大学的方式运营。)
宾夕法尼亚州立大学The Pennsylvania State University: 拥有至少24个校区的大型综合性大学，属于十大联盟，被称为公立常青藤，以工程和地学类闻名。
匹兹堡大学University of Pittsburgh：历史悠久的州关联大学，位于匹兹堡东郊，与卡内基梅陇大学一街之隔。它属于大东方联盟，并即将加入十大联盟。其医学院享誉世界。
天普大学Temple University：位于费城的州关联大学，在东海岸有一定影响力。
林肯大学Lincoln University：美国第一个可以授予学位上的黑人大学，位于费城附近的切斯特郡。
c.公立大学
宾夕法尼亚没有很好的纯公立大学，比较著名的包括哈里斯堡大学、宾夕法尼亚加利福尼亚大学和宾夕法尼亚伊利诺伊大学等。
四、宜居城市
1.费城
Home of the Fresh Prince until his mum made him move away, Philadelphia is an urban hub less than 90 miles away from New York City. Although not quite competing with the glamour and international popularity of NYC, Philly is every bit as alive.Developed in education and financial services, Philadelphia is one of the most affluent cities in the country, belonging to the sixth biggest metropolitan area. Those wishing to study in Pennsylvania within the fields of law or medicine are particularly spoilt for choice, with many of the universities in Philadelphia known within these areas.The culture of the city is also truly appealing, with food, music and arts scenes continuing to burgeon and a nightlife that is student-oriented and never boring. Each of the city’s neighborhoods holds a distinct personality, some affluent and brimming with manicured gardens, some still holding on to blue-collar roots, and some serving as reminders of America’s past with well-preserved historic buildings and gothic architecture.The city’s historic district, home to the iconic Liberty Bell and Independence Hall, holds an especially important place in US history, as this is where the Declaration of Independence was signed in 1776. And in between the mixture of modern and historic buildings, the city also contains 10,334 acres of parkland within its limits.
“活力王子”的母亲带他离开之前，费城还是一个距离纽约不到90公里的市中心，
尽管与纽约的魅力和国际知名度不太一样，费城还是很有活力的。在教育和金融服务方面，费城是全国最富裕的城市之一，属于第六大都市地区。那些希望在宾夕法尼亚州的法律或医学领域学习的人，尤其被宠坏了，许多费城的大学都在这些领域内。这个城市的文化也很吸引人，食物、音乐和艺术场景一直在萌芽，而夜生活则以学生为导向，从不令人厌烦。这座城市的每个街区都有着鲜明的个性，一些富裕的人，满是修剪整齐的花园，还有一些人仍然保留着蓝领阶层的生活，有些人还在提醒着美国的过去，保存着保存完好的历史建筑和哥特式建筑。这座城市历史悠久的地区，拥有标志性的自由钟和独立大厅，在美国历史上占有特别重要的地位，因为这是1776年签署独立宣言的地方。在现代和历史建筑的混合中，这座城市也有10334英亩的公园用地。
2.匹兹堡
The state’s other major city is Pittsburgh, home to 2.4 million people. Formerly known as an industrial center during the 19th century, Pittsburgh has developed into a city dominated by financial services and the digital sector. Instead of the fumes of steel and coal factories, Pittsburgh now bears the title of one of the most “livable” areas in the country.Sitting at the convergence of the Monongahela and Allegheny Rivers which join to form the Ohio River, Pittsburgh is characterized by its waterways and hilled neighborhoods connected via an extensive number of pedestrian-friendly bridges.Not only does the city boast a number of the state’s best museums and parks, it also can offer a vibrant selection of places to eat, drink and socialize. Many significant musicians have also come out of the city, and it has been named the “Best Sports City” in the country, thanks in part to the strong sports culture prevalent at many of the universities in Pennsylvania.
该州的另一个主要城市是匹兹堡，人口240万。匹兹堡曾在19世纪被称为工业中心，现在已经发展成为一个由金融服务和数字部门主导的城市。匹兹堡现在没有钢铁和煤炭工厂的烟雾，取而代之的是这个国家最“宜居”地区之一。匹兹堡坐落于莫农加希拉河和阿勒格尼河的交汇处，这里汇集了俄亥俄河，它的特点是它的水路和通过大量行人友好的桥梁连接起来的社区。这座城市不仅拥有许多国家最好的博物馆和公园，而且还能提供充满活力的美食、饮料和社交场所。许多重要的音乐家也走出了这座城市，并被命名为这个国家的“最佳运动城市”，这在一定程度上要归功于宾夕法尼亚州许多大学盛行的体育文化。
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