英国留学就医须知
Understanding the British medical system can seem like an insurmountabletask. I’ve lived in England for most of my 21 years, and I still struggle to getmy head around it. For international students used to more straightforwardhealthcare services at home, it can be even more daunting: my mum arrived inLondon from Australia when she herself was 21, and ended up paying for expensiveprivate appointments for the first couple of years, simply because nobody hadexplained the concept of the National Health Service (NHS) to her!
想要了解英国的医疗制度，简直就像不可能的事。21岁以前，我大都在英国度过，却依然不怎么会看医生。对于国际学生，习惯了自己国家医疗系统的直接明了，在腐国看病就更加细思恐极了。我娘亲21岁时从澳大利亚来到英国，就因为没人给她解释英国的国民医疗制度，头几年都是自掏腰包，去土豪的私人诊所看病!
Of course, private healthcare has its benefits – and we will look at thosein future articles, as well as many other medical topics. But even still, everyinternational student arriving in this country on a course of 6 months or moreis entitled to free treatment via the NHS, and should know how to access it.Here are 3 steps to get you started: don’t wait until you get ill, get crackingnow!
当然，私人医疗也有好处，看东西之后会再详细说，还会引入更多有关医疗的窍门。但是即便如此，留学生来英国，只要是上超过六个月的课程，都有权享受国民医疗制度(NHS)，理应知道如何免费看病。赶紧来看看以下三个入门步骤吧!别等生病了再手忙脚乱，现在开始，时刻准备着!
PAYING YOUR INTERNATIONAL HEALTH SURCHARGE FEE
支付国际医疗附加费
When people describe the NHS as being “free”, what they really mean is thatit is “free at the point of service” – i.e. you don’t pay for individualappointments or treatments, and are entitled to as many of those as you need. Ofcourse (as you economics students out there will know), the funding for that hasto come from somewhere. Because the NHS is a public service, it is largelyfinanced by taxing British citizens, who are then able to access healthcarewithout paying anything extra.
总听说NHS免费，实际上是“医疗服务免费”。也就是说，不用为私人预约或治疗付费，并且有权享受一些其他你需要的服务。当然，为了提供免费医疗，政府总得从别处筹集资金(学经济的肯定明白)。因为NHS是公共服务，大部分资金来源于英国人纳税，因此英国人不必付任何其他费用，即可享受免费医疗。
In the past, this worked out awesomely for international students in theUK, who could get this free treatment without being impacted by the taxes.However, with the NHS struggling in recent years, there’s been more pressure tobalance the books, and make sure that everyone who is accessing public care iscontributing towards it. Starting from 6th April 2015, this means thatnon-European students in the UK will have to pay a £150 annual medical surchargeon any new visa they receive, which can be transferred as part of the onlinevisa application process. (Don’t worry if you applied for your latest visabefore that date, you’ll be exempt – at least until your next application!) £150might seem steep, but actually is a small price to pay to cover yourself for theyear, and not worry too much about those nagging coughs and colds.
过去，英国的国际学生也能像本地人一样享受免费医疗，还不用纳任何税!然而随着NHS近几年步入窘境，压力越来越大，NHS要保持收支平衡，确保每个享受医疗服务的人都做了贡献。2015年4月6日开始，在英国留学的非欧洲学生，必须每年缴纳150英镑的医疗附加费，无论拿的是哪种新型签证。现在这已经是在线申请签证的必经过程(如果你是在这之前申请的签证，就不必支付此费用——直到你下次申请签证!)。150英镑看起来略贵，但能够保证一年的免费医疗，其实挺划算的，感冒和咳嗽时不时找上门，也不必烦恼了!
REGISTERING WITH YOUR LOCAL GP
找当地的全科医生注册
Once you’ve paid the medical surcharge on your visa (or not, if you appliedbefore 6th April!), you’re ready to register yourself with your local GP(general practitioner). GPs are the gateway to treatment in the UK: yougenerally wouldn’t drop into a hospital unless you have had an accident, andit’s almost impossible to get access to a specialist without first getting areferral from your local doctor.
办签证时支付了医疗附加费之后(如果在4月6号之前申请就不用支付)，就可以找当地的全科医师注册了。找全科医师预约，是在英国看病的第一步：除非你遭遇了事故，否则一般不会去医院。如果不通过全科医师转诊，也没法去看专科医生。
Most universities will have a nearby health centre that they recommend, oralternatively you can check in the NHS directory. To register, you simply needto turn up during working hours, ask to be set up with the NHS, and fill outsome forms (make sure you bring your passport, student card and proof ofaddress, as well as any other important documents). Before you know it, youshould have your own shiny NHS card arriving through the post.
大部分大学都有推荐附近的医疗中心，或者也可以在NHS目录查找。只要在工作时间前往申请注册NHS，填填表格，就能完成注册(记得带上护照、学生证、地址证明等重要材料)。很快，腐国邮政系统就会寄来全新医保卡一张!
GETTING AN APPOINTMENT
预约医生
This is the final step, and by far the easiest. You simply need to callyour GP (or rather, their office) during working hours to make an appointment.Depending on how busy your local centre is, it could take anything from a day toa couple of weeks to find a time that works – although I always find that those8am slots are best for quick treatment!
这是最后一步，也是最简单的一步。只要在工作时间，联系你的全科医生，或者打电话到他办公室，预约看诊即可。等待的时间从一天到数周不等，取决于当地诊所有多忙。不过听哥一句，快速检查小痛小痒，约早上八点最好!
Once you’re actually in the room with your doctor, you’ll have all kinds ofother questions – and we’ll look to cover those in future KDS articles. Untilthen, hope you all stay in good health!
出门在外，身体最重要，希望大家都要把自己照顾好好的、身体棒棒的。
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