德国留学申请有哪些步骤
Germany is the most popular non-Anglophone study destination in the world, and with its trendy student cities and low (or no) tuition fees, it’s not hard to see why.
Germany is the world’s most popular non-Anglophone study destination, and the third most popular overall – only the US and the UK welcome more international students each year. Find out what motivates so many to study in Germany, and how to choose and apply to a German university.
Germany is a country characterized by variety. Trendy and modern Berlin can seem a world away from the more traditional and conservative Munich. The gleaming skyscrapers of Frankfurt form a stark contrast to quaint Heidelberg. And if bustling and fast-paced Hamburg becomes too much, you can always retreat to the peaceful and picturesque Middle Rhine region.
Universities in Germany offer plenty of choice, including some of the most prestigious institutions in Western Europe. Germany’s highest ranked university in the QS World University Rankings® 2016-2017 is Technische Universität München (ranked 60th in the world), followed by Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (joint 68th) and Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg (72nd).
Beyond that, every major German city you can think of has at least one university ranked among the world’s best. A total of 15 German universities make the world’s top 250, and 31 are included within the world’s top 500. This establishes Germany well within the world’s higher education elite.
In addition to world-class universities, Germany also offers high quality of life, relatively low tuition fees, extensive support and scholarship schemes for international students, and decent post-graduation employment prospects. So it’s easy to see why so many choose to study in Germany each year.
If you’re planning to study in Germany at postgraduate level, check out our dedicated guides for master’s degrees in Germany and PhDs in Germany.
If you’re planning to study your first university degree in Germany, read on…
德国是世界上最受欢迎的非英语国家的留学目的地，也是整体上第三受欢迎的留学目的地——只有美国和英国每年会迎来更多的国际留学生。德国有许多紧跟潮流的学生城市，还有很低(或者根本不存在)的学费，你是否想要知道为什么这么多人选择去德国留学，以及如何选择和申请德国大学呢?
德国是一个非常多样化的国家，这里有时髦和现代的柏林，也有更传统和保守的慕尼黑，法兰克福闪闪发光的摩天大楼与古典的海德堡行程了鲜明的对比。如果热闹和快节奏的汉堡让你觉得变化太多，你也能撤退到平静和风景如画的中东莱茵地区。
德国有许多的大学可供你选择，包括一些在西欧地区最负盛名的大学。德国在2016-2017年QS世界大学排名中排名最高的大学是慕尼黑工业大学(世界排名第60位)，紧随其后的是慕尼黑大学(并列第68位)和海德堡大学(第72位)。
除此之外，每一个你能想到的德国主要的城市都有至少一所大学进入世界最佳大学之列。总共有15所德国大学位于世界大学排名前250名之内，并且还有31所大学位于世界大学排名前500名之内。这也使得德国成为世界高等教育精英国家中的一员。
除了世界一流的大学之外，德国还有高质量的生活，相对较低的学费，为国际留学生们提供的广泛的支持和奖学金项目，毕业后光明就业前景。所以你也很容易明白每年为什么这么多人选择去德国留学了。
如果你想要去德国攻读研究生等级的课程，那么你可以查看我们有关德国硕士学位和博士学位的指南。
如果你想要去德国大学攻读你的第一个学位，那么接着往下看吧。以下是我爱学习网为大家独家整理并且翻译的德国留学申请指南，希望对那些想要去德国留学的小伙伴们有帮助。
1. Choose a university
So, you’ve decided on Germany as your study abroad destination – now it’s time to choose the right course and university for you. The German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) has a database of almost 17,000 programs available to search from, including 88 programs in English. Unfortunately opportunities to study in Germany in Englishat undergraduate level are currently quite limited, though there are some courses taught in both English and German (typically starting with English for the first two to four semesters and then changing to German). This allows you to study in English while improving your proficiency in German, particularly as your university may offer German language classes.
You may also like to consider the latest rankings of the top universities in Germany while making your decision, or check the latest QS World University Rankings by Subject to find the top German institutions in your field. When choosing a university and a course you should also make sure the course content suits you. Check the information provided on the official websites of universities you’re considering, and get in touch to request more detail if needed.
You should also consider the location. Are you interested in living in cool capital Berlin, immersed in the traditional Bavarian culture of Munich, amidst the skyscrapers of financial hub Frankfurt, or in a quieter student city such as Göttingen?
1、选择一所大学
所以，你已经决定把德国作为你的留学目的地——那么现在是时候为你自己选择正确的课程和大学了。德国学术交流协会(DAAD)有一个数据库，在里面有将近1.7万个课程项目可供你搜索。其中包括88个英语授课的课程。不幸的是，目前在德国就读本科阶段英语授课课程的机会是相当有限的，但是有一些课程是用英语和德语共同授课的(通常最开始的两个到四个学期是用英语授课的，然后再改为德语)。这能够让你学习英语授课的课程，与此同时又提高了你的德语水平，特别是如果你的大学能够提供德语语言课程的话。
当你做这个决定的时候，你可能也会想要参考德国顶尖大学的最新排名，或者查看最新的世界大学专业排名，以找到在你想要就读领域最顶尖的德国大学有哪些。当你选择一所大学和一门课程的时候，你也应该确保课程内容适合你。你查看你正在考虑的大学官方网站上提供的信息，如果你有需要的话，你可以联系大学方面为你提供更多的详情。
你还应该考虑位置因素。你是否有兴趣生活在凉爽的首都柏林，想要沉浸在慕尼黑的传统巴伐利亚文化中，倾心于金融中心法兰克福的摩天大楼，或者想要一个安静的学生城市例如哥廷根这样的?
2. Check the admission requirements
Before applying, check that your current qualifications are recognized by your chosen university. To study in Germany you need to have a recognized Hochschulzugangsberechtigung(HZB), meaning ‘higher education entrance qualification’. This can come in many formats, particularly for international students who have gained their school-leaving qualifications in a different country.
For prospective undergraduate students, a high-school diploma, school-leaving certificate or university entrance exam result is usually sufficient, and the DAAD has a database of information on admission requirements for selected countries. Students with qualifications from outside Europe may have to sit the Feststellungsprüfung entrance examination after attending a preparatory Studienkolleg, although high-achieving students may be able to bypass this.
You’ll also need to check the language requirements. Most courses are taught in German, requiring international applicants to submit proof of proficiency in the German language. Two main tests are available for this purpose: the Deutsche Sprachprüfung für den Hochschulzugang (DSH, meaning “German language examination for university entrance”) and the TestDaF (formerly Test Deutsch als Fremdsprache, meaning “Test of German as a foreign language”).
The DSH is offered only within Germany, at various universities, while the TestDaF can be taken at centers in more than 90 countries worldwide. Both are equally well recognized, but you should check the test you intend to take is accepted by the universities you want to apply to.
If your course is taught in English, unless you are a native speaker or have previously studied in English, you will need to prove your knowledge of the language with a test such as IELTS or TOEFL. Universities will usually state the score/s they require on their websites.
The language of instruction at most universities in Germany is German. All students undertaking a German-taught program will need to be able to demonstrate a firm knowledge of the language, either by means of a language test result or by taking a preparatory course. Accepted proficiency tests are the DSH (German Language University Entrance Examination for International Applicants),TestDaF (Test of German as a Foreign Language), GDS (Goethe Institut German Language Diploma) and the DSD (German Language Diploma of the Standing Conference of the Minister of Education and Cultural Affairs, Level II). If you are only studying in Germany for one or two semesters you may not need to provide this evidence.
If you have a limited knowledge of German, you could consider taking an English-language program. There are a growing number of English-taught programs at universities in Germany, particularly at postgraduate level. If you are a non-native English speaker, you may be required to provide proof of your English-language proficiency with a TOEFL or IELTS result. If your chosen school requires this, they will list ‘proof of English-language proficiency’ as an entry requirement.
2、了解入学申请要求
在你申请之前，请检查你所选择的大学是否承认你目前取得的学历资格。想要在德国留学，你需要有一个公认的Hochschulzugangsberechtigung (HZB)，意思是就是“高等教育入学资格”。这可以有多种形式，特别是对于那些在不同国家获得了毕业资格的国际学生来说。
对于未来的本科生来说，一份高中文凭、离校证书或者大学入学考试成绩通常就足够了，德国学术交流协会(DAAD)有一个数据库，里面有关于特定国家录取要求的信息。持有欧洲以外国家学历资格的学生可能必须先参加德国大学预科(Studienkolleg)的预备课程，然后参加强制性的评估考试(Feststellungprüfung)，但是特别出类拔萃的学生可能不需要参加这些。
你还需要了解语言要求。大多数课程都是用德语授课的，这也就要求国际申请人提交德语的熟练程度证明。有两个主流测测试可以用于此目的：有两个主要的测试可用于此目的：the Deutsche Sprachprüfung für den Hochschulzugang (简称为DSH，也就是“德国高校外国申请者入学德语考试”) 和TestDaF (也叫德福，全称是Test Deutsch als Fremdsprache，意思是“德国作为一种外语的测试”，对象是以赴德留学为目的的外国学习德语者或一般只想证明自己德语语言水平的人)。
DSH考试只在德国举行，由德国各高校单独组织，而德福测试在全球90多个国家都可以参加。这两个考试都同样被公认，但是在你参加考试之前，你应该先确定你所参加的考试是否被你想要申请的大学接受。
如果你的课程是用英语授课的，除非你是一个母语为英语的人或者之前用英语学习过，否则你需要通过雅思或托福考试来证明你的英语语言能力。大学通常会在他们自己的官方网站上说明他们所需要的分数。
德国大部分大学的教学语言都是德语。所有参加德语授课课程的学生需要证明你有相关的语言知识，你可以通过提供语言测试结果，或者参加预备课程的方式来证明。官方德语语言能力测试有DSH (国际学生申请德语语言大学入学考试)、德福(TestDaF，德语作为一门外语的测试)、GDS (歌德学院德语语言文凭)和DSD (教育和文化事务常务会议德语语言文凭，等级II)。如果你只在德国大学学习一个或两个学期，你可能不需要提供这些证明。
如果你的德语能力有限，你可以考虑参加英语授课的课程。在德国有越来越多的大学提供英语授课的课程，特别是研究生等级的课程。如果你的母语非英语，你可能需要通过提交你的托福或雅思考试成绩来证明你的英语语言能力。如果你想要申请的大学对此有要求，他们会在入学要求中明确列出“英语语言能力证明”这一条。
3. Get your finances in order
In order to fulfill student visa requirements, you will need to show proof that you have, or have access to, around €7,908 per year (US$8,722) or €659 (US$727) per month to cover your living costs, although you may find you need more, depending on your lifestyle and spending habits (the average student spends €800/US$877 a month). Living costs vary depending on the location; according to Mercer’s Cost of Living Survey, Munich is currently Germany’s most expensive city, followed by Frankfurt am Main and Berlin.
If you’re concerned about costs, there are scholarships available to support students studying in Germany at various study levels including undergraduate level, despite the tuition itself being free.
While many students are able to study in Germany for free, living expenses are unavoidable. The cost of living in Germany is more expensive in some areas than others (big cities such as Munich as well as cities across western Germany tend to be more expensive), with costs ranging from €350 to €1,000 (~US$482 to US$1,377) per month. Rent will be your largest monthly expense, but is cheaper if you live in a shared flat (average rent of €298/US$340 per month) or a student hall of residence (€240/US$275 per month).
Based on data from the DAAD, other average monthly costs are as follows: €165 (~US$190) for food; €52 (US$60) for clothes; €82 (US$95) for transport; €33 (US$38) for telephone, internet and TV license; €30 (US$35) for work/study materials, and €68 (US$80) for leisure activities.
You won’t need a visa to study in Germany if you’re an EU national or a citizen of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway or Switzerland. Otherwise expect to pay around €60 (US$70) for your student visa, but there are also fee reductions or waivers for Schengen visas. In order to fulfill the visa requirements, you will need to show proof that you have, or have access to, around €8,040 per year (US$9,230) or €670 (US$770) per month to cover your living costs.
You will also need health insurance as a pre-condition of registering at a German university. If you’re a resident of a country within the EU or EEA, there should be a social security agreement between your country and Germany. This means that if you have public health insurance, you should be covered in Germany as well (full list here). If your health insurance is not valid in Germany, expect to pay between €80 (US$90) and €160 (US$180) per month to cover this.
The German Academic Exchange Service, otherwise known as the DAAD (Deutscher Akademischer Austausch Dienst), provides support for German and international students to gain funding to live and study in Germany for free or at a more affordable cost. DAAD scholarships to study in Germany are offered to German and international students of all levels, as well as academics and researchers. To find relevant scholarships to study in Germany, you can search based on keywords, study level, country of origin and subject.
Another useful resource comes from the Federal Ministry of Education and Research or BMBF (Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung), which hosts a site dedicated to providing information on scholarships to study in Germany.
3、准备好留学需要的钱
为了满足德国学生签证的要求，你需要证明你有或者有机会有大约7908欧元(8722美元)每年，或者659欧元 (727美元)每个月的钱，用于支付你在德国留学期间的生活费用，但是你可能会发现你需要比这更多的钱，具体的生活费用要根据你的生活方式和消费习惯(平均学生花费为800欧元/877美元每月)。生活费用因你的留学地点而异，根据美世生活成本调查显示，慕尼黑是目前德国最昂贵的城市，随后的是法兰克福和柏林。
如果你关心的留学的费用是多少，有奖学金可以支持在德国留学的不同等级的学生，包括本科生等级，而且学费本身就是免费的。
虽然很多学生都能够免费在德国留学，但是德国留学期间的生活费也是不可避免的。在德国有些区域的生活成本要比另外的区域更高，比如在慕尼黑等大城市还有德国西部的城市就更昂贵，生活费为350欧元到1000欧元每月(约合482美元到1,377美元) 。房子租金会成为你每个月最大的一笔开支，但是如果你跟别人一起合租的话，租金会要便宜一些，平均租金为298欧元(约合340美元)每个月，或者你还可以选择住在学生宿舍，费用也会更便宜，只需要240欧元(约合275美元)每个月。
根据德意志学术交流中心(DAAD)的数据显示，其他每个月的平均费用还有以下几个方面：165欧元(约合190美元) 的餐食费用，52欧元(约合60美元)的衣服购买费用，82欧元(约合95美元)的交通费用，33欧元(约合38美元)的电话、互联网和电视许可证费用，30 欧元(约合35美元) 的工作学习材料费用，以及68欧元(约合80美元)的休闲活动开支。
如果你是来自欧盟国家或者冰岛、列支敦士登、挪威或者瑞士这些国家的公民，那么你不需要留学签证就可以来德国留学。否则你就需要花费大约60欧元(约合70美金)的费用来申请你的留学签证，但是申根签证也可以享受费用降低或者免除的福利。为了满足德国留学签证申请的要求，你需要证明你自己拥有或者有权接触，大约8,040欧元(约合9,230美元) 每年或者670欧元(约合770美元)每个月的金额，用于支付你在德国留学期间的生活费用。
如果你想要在德国大学注册，你还需要购买健康保险，这是在德国大学注册的前提条件。如果你是一个来自欧盟或者欧洲经济区国家的居民，那么你的国家和德国之间应该有社会保障协议。这就意味着，如果你已经购买了公共医疗保险，那么你在德国留学期间也可以同样享受这个保险。如果你不确定你是否能够享受，请在来德国留学之前就资讯清楚。如果你的健康保险在德国是无效的，那么你每个月需要支付大约80欧元(约合90美元) 到160欧元 (约合180美元)的健康保险费。
德意志学术交流中心，也被称为DAAD，为德国本国学生以及国际留学生提供了支持，让这些学生能够获得资金补助，能够免费或者以更能够负担得起的费用在德国学习和生活。德意志学术交流中心的德国留学奖学金是为所有等级的德国本国学生和国际留学生提供的，学者和研究人员也可以享受。如果你想了解德国留学相关的奖学金，你可以根据关键词、你的学习等级、原籍国以及专业等分类条件来进行搜索。
德国联邦教育和科研部(BMBF)也是你了解德国留学奖学金的另一个非常有用的资源，BMBF建立了一个网站，提供各种去德国留学奖学金的信息，你也可以搜索了解。
4. Apply!
There are a total of 42 German universities featured in the latest edition of theQS World University Rankings®, meaning that you have a great selection of world-leading universities to choose from. If you want to study in a world-renowned student city, you might consider Munich or Berlin, both ranked among the world’s top 20 cities for students in the QS Best Student Cities index. But there are lots of regions of Germany with lots to offer students, including North Rhine-Westphalia (home of cities such as Dusseldorf and Cologne), Baden-Wurttemberg (home of Stuttgart), Bavaria (home of Munich), Hesse (home of Frankfurt am Main), Lower Saxony (home of Hannover), Saxony (home of Dresden) and Hamburg (a state which is also a city).
For most subjects, you can apply directly to the international office of the university. Alternatively, you can use the website www.uni-assist.de, a centralized admissions portal for international students, run by the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD), although not all universities use this. You may wish to apply for numerous courses and universities separately to increase your chances of being admitted.
At many German universities it’s possible to apply for admission twice a year – to commence studies either in the winter or summer semester. The summer semester runs from March to August at Fachhochschulen (Universities of Applied Sciences) and April to September at universities; the winter semester is from September to February and October to March respectively.
In general, applications for winter enrolments need to be made by 15 July, and applications for summer enrolments by 15 January. However, application deadlines vary between institutions, and the same institution may set different deadlines for each program – be sure to carefully check the specific dates for your chosen course.
It’s recommended to submit applications at least six weeks before the deadline, to ensure time for corrections or additions if any information is missing. You should expect to receive a formal acceptance or rejection approximately one to two months after the deadline has passed.
The specific documents required and application process will be set by each institution, but you’ll typically be asked to submit:
-A certified copy of your high-school diploma or previous degrees, and any other relevant qualifications in the original language
-A translated overview of your course modules and grades
-A passport photo
-A copy of your passport (personal information and photo ID page)
-Proof of language proficiency (a test certificate or online equivalent)
To ensure the best chances of acceptance, take care to provide all the documentation requested, make sure all your documentation is certified (copies of documents also need to be certified by the awarding school), and check that you’ve filled out all your information correctly before submitting your application. An application fee may be charged.
For some subjects, there is a nationwide cap on the number of students who can enroll. For these subjects (mostly life sciences), students from the EU (plus Norway, Iceland or Liechtenstein) need to apply through the Foundation of Higher Education Admission. Students from outside the EU should apply as normal.
4、向大学提交申请
在QS世界大学排名中，德国共有42所大学入榜，这就意味着你有许多世界一流的大学可以选择。如果你想在世界知名的留学城市学习，你可以考虑慕尼黑或柏林，两个城市都在QS最佳留学城市排名的全球前20位中。但是在德国还有许多地区可供选择，包括北莱茵-威斯特伐利亚州(这里有杜塞尔多夫、科隆等城市)，巴登-符腾堡州(这里有斯图加特)，巴伐利亚州(这里有慕尼黑)，黑森州(这里有法兰克福)，萨克森州(这里有汉诺威)，萨克森州(这里有德累斯顿)，以及汉堡(汉堡同时也是城市)。
对于大多数专业，你可以直接向大学的国际办公室递交申请。另外，你也可以使用网站www.uni-assist.de，这是一个国际学生集中招生门户，是由德国学术交流协会(DAAD)运营的，但是并不是所有的大学都会使用这个网站。你可能希望分别申请许多课程和大学，以此来增加你被录取的机会。
在许多德国大学，每年可能都有两次申请入学的机会——要么在冬季学期要么在夏季学期入学。Fachhochschulen(应用科技大学)的夏季学期为3月到8月，冬季学期分别为9月到2月以及10月到3月。
一般情况下，如果你想申请冬季学期入学，你需要在7月15日之前申请，如果你想申请夏季入学，你需要在1月15日之前申请。但是，不同的大学可能有不同的申请截止日期，并且同一所大学可能会为不同的课程设置不同的申请截止日期——请一定要仔细检查你选择的课程的具体申请截止日期。
建议大家在申请截止日期之前至少六个星期提交申请，以留足时间让你更正任何资料，或者增加任何遗漏的信息。在申请截止日期之后的大约1-2个月内，你会收到申请答复，不管是正式录取还是被拒。
所需的具体文件和申请流程将由每所大学自行设定，但是通常会要求你提交以下资料：
-你的高中文凭或者以前的学位证书副本，以及以原始语言出具的任何其他相关的学历资格
-你的课程模块和成绩的翻译概览
-护照照片
-你的护照复印件 (个人信息页和照片ID页)
-语言能力证明(测试证书或者相等的在线成绩证明)
为了确保你有更大的机会被录取，请务必提供大学要求的所有文件，并且所有的文件都是经过认证的(文件的复印件也需要由授予的学校证明)，并在提交申请前确保你已经填写了你的所有正确信息。大学可能还会要收取申请费。
对于有一些专业，有一个全国性的学生入学人数限制。对于这些专业(主要是生命科学类专业)，来自欧盟(再加上挪威、冰岛或列支敦士登)的学生需要通过高等教育入学基金会申请。来自欧盟以外国家的学生正常申请。
5. Take out health insurance
Before you leave your home country you should ensure you’ve purchased health insurance to cover you during your stay in Germany. This is required both before you enroll and before you get a student visa and/or residence permit. If you’re a resident of a country within the EU or EEA, there should be a social security agreement in place between your country and Germany. This means that if you have public health insurance in your home country, you should be covered in Germany as well (full list here). You will generally need to get a European Health Insurance Card (EHIC) to take advantage of this (free to obtain).
If your health insurance is not valid in Germany, expect to pay between €80 (US$88) and €160 (US$176) per month to cover this. The cost is higher if you’re over 30, and if you’re over 29 when starting your course you can only obtain private insurance.
5、获得健康保险
在你离开你的祖国之前，你应该确保你已经购买了健康保险，保险的有效期需要覆盖你在德国留学的时间。在你注册入学之前，以及在你获得德国留学签证和/或居留许可之前，获得健康保险是必须的。如果你是来自欧盟或欧洲经济区国家的居民，在你的国家和德国之间应该有一个社会保障协议。这意味着，如果你有公共健康保险在你的祖国, 你应该覆盖在德国以及 (完整的名单在这里)。你通常需要得到一个欧洲健康保险卡 (ehic) 利用这一点 (免费获得)。
如果你的健康保险在德国无效，预计你需要每月支付80欧元(88美元) 到160欧元(176美元)，以支付此费用。如果你超过30岁那么这笔花费还会更高，如果你在29岁之后才开始你的课程，那么你只能参加私人保险。
6. Get a German student visa
The requirements for obtaining a student visa for Germany depend on your country of origin. You can find an overview of the countries for which a student visa is or isn’t required on the Foreign Federal Office’s website.
If you have gained admission to study at a university in Germany, you will need to find out whether you need to apply for a German student visa. Many students do not need a student visa to study in Germany, but just need a residence permit. If you do need a visa, be sure to apply as early as possible, as the process may take a few months.
Applicants within the European Union (including Norway, Switzerland, Iceland and Liechtenstein):
If you are applying to study in Germany from within the EU (including Norway, Switzerland, Iceland and Liechtenstein) you do not need to obtain a German student visa before entering the country.
Applicants from the US, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Israel, Japan, South Korea:
If you are from any of these countries you do not need a visa to study in Germany. However, you will need to register at the local Residents’ Registration Office and the Aliens’ Registration Office (Ausländeramt) to obtain a residence permit (Aufenthaltserlaubnis) within two weeks of arrival in the country.
Applicants from Andorra, Brazil, El Salvador, Honduras, Monaco, San Marino or Taiwan:
If you are from any of these countries, you will only need a German student visa if you plan to work before or after your degree. In this case you should apply for the visa in your home country via your local German embassy or consulate. Both visa holders and non-visa holders will also need to apply for a residence permit within two weeks of entry. Students from Taiwan must have a passport which includes an identity card number.
Applicants from the rest of the world:
If you are from any other country not listed above, you will require a student visa for Germany. You should apply for this via the local German embassy or consulate in your home country. The typical fee for a visa is €60 (~US$65).
If you need a student visa for Germany, you should apply as soon as possible, and at least three months before your move to the country. To do this you’ll need to contact the local German embassy or consulate in your home country.
The documents you typically need are:
-Completed application form
-Valid passport
-Two photographs
-Letter showing you’ve been accepted by a German university
-Transcript of academic record
-Certificate of German language proficiency or proof that you intend on attending a language course in Germany (if studying in German)
-Proof that you have sufficient funds to support yourself while living in Germany (€8,000 per year, which is ~US$8,670)
-Certificate showing you’ve purchased health insurance
Declaration of authenticity of documents submitted
Dependent on the embassy, you may also need to show proof that you don’t have a criminal record. One of the ways in which you can prove you have sufficient funds to study in Germany is by depositing a security payment into a blocked account – this means you cannot withdraw the money until after you arrive in Germany.
If you are planning to study in Germany for more than 90 days you should apply for a National Visa for the purpose of study rather than a Schengen Visa, which will only allow you to stay in Germany for three months.
As well as your student visa, you will also need to apply for a residence permit on arrival.
6、获得德国留学签证
获得德国留学签证的要求取决于你的原籍国。你可以在国外联邦事务部的网站上找到你所在的国家是否需要办理德国学生签证。
如果你已经获得了德国大学的入学许可，那么你接下来需要了解清楚你是否需要申请德国留学签证。许多学生不需要学生签证，只需要居留证就可以在德国留学。如果你需要申请留学签证的话，请尽早开始申请，因为申请签证可能需要几个月的时间。
来自欧盟国家的申请人(包括挪威，瑞士，冰岛和列支敦士登) ：
如果你是欧盟国家(包括挪威，瑞士，冰岛和列支敦士登)的申请人，在你入境德国之前你不需要获得德国学生签证。
来自美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰、以色列、日本、韩国的申请人：
如果你是来自这些国家的申请人，你也不需要签证就可以在德国留学。但是，你需要在入境德国之后的两周内到当地居民登记办公室和外国人登记办公室去登记，获得居留许可(Aufenthaltserlaubnis)。
来自安道尔、巴西、萨尔瓦多、洪都拉斯、摩纳哥、圣马力诺或台湾的申请人：
如果你来自这些国家，并打算在你获得学位之前或之后在德国工作，你只需要办理德国学生签证。在这种情况下，你应该通过你本国的德国大使馆或领事馆申请签证。签证持有者和非签证持有者都需要在入境两个星期内申请居住许可。来自台湾的留学生必须持有护照，护照需包含身份证号码。
来自世界其他国家和地区的申请人：
如果你来自未在以上列出的其他国家，你将需要申请德国学生签证。你需要通过你本国的德国大使馆或领事馆进行签证申请。一般留学签证的费用是60欧元(约为65美元)。
如果你需要取得德国学生签证，应该尽快申请，至少在你出发去德国的三个月前开始申请。想要申请德国留学签证，你需要联系你本国的德国大使馆或领事馆。
一般来说，你需要提交以下材料：
-填写好的申请表格
-仍在有效期的护照
-两张照片
-你已被德国大学录取的证明信
-成绩单
-德语语言能力证明，或者你参加过德语培训课程的证明(如果你将去德国参加德语授课的课程)
-证明你有足够的资金用于负担你在德国留学期间的生活费(8,000欧元每年，大约为8,670美元每年)
-购买健康保险的证明
-提交文件真实性的声明
有的大使馆可能还会要求你提交无犯罪记录的证明。证明你有足够资金去德国留学的途径之一就是将钱存入一个冻结帐户，这意味着你在抵达德国之前都不能取出这笔钱。
如果你计划在德国学习超过90天，那你申请来德国的目的是学习的国家签证，而不是申根签证，申根签证只允许你在德国待三个月。
除了学生签证，你还需要在入境德国后申请居留证。
7. Find accommodation
Once you’ve gained a place on a course and your student visa (if applicable), it’s advisable to start looking for accommodation, as unfortunately most German universities do not offer accommodation to enrolling students. Rent is likely to be your biggest monthly expense, and this will vary depending on which part of the country you live in. In big cities within Western Germany (i.e. Dusseldorf, Cologne etc.) and smaller, student-oriented cities such as Heidelberg and Freiburg, you should expect to pay slightly more than if you were living in eastern Germany (i.e. Berlin).
When looking for accommodation in Germany, you should consider student residences, shared accommodation or an apartment. An unshared apartment is the most expensive choice, and this will generally cost in the region of €350-400 (US$386-441) a month. Shared accommodation is the most popular form of accommodation and would be cheaper at around €280 (US$309) a month, while student residences are cheaper yet again at around €240 (US$265) a month.
If you struggle to find suitable accommodation there are many temporary options available, such as hostels.
Once you’ve found a place to live, you need to register at the ‘residents’ registration office’ (Einwohnermeldeamt) or the ‘citizens’ bureau’ (Bürgeramt).
7、寻找住宿
一旦你已经获得了课程录取名额以及你的学生签证 (如果适用的话) ，那么建议你最好开始寻找住宿。不幸的是，大多数德国大学无法为其注册的学生提供住宿。这就意味着，你需要自己找到住宿的地方。因为德国的大学不收取学费，那么房租很可能是你每个月的最大开销，当然这也将取决于你住在德国的哪个位置。如果你住在西部德国的大城市，如杜塞尔多夫、科隆等，以及以学生为主体的小一点的城市，如海德堡大学和弗赖堡，那么你应该做好心理准备你需要比住在德国东部(如柏林)支付略多的费用。
当寻找德国留学期间的住宿时，你应该考虑学生宿舍、合租宿舍或公寓。单独租住公寓的费用是非常高的，通常每月需要花费350-400欧元(386-441美元)。合租宿舍是最受欢迎的住宿形式，因为这样会更便宜一点，每月大约为280欧元(309美元)，而学生宿舍又更便宜一些，每月约为240欧元(265美元)。
如果你在没有找到合适的住宿地方，有一些临时的住宿选择，例如旅馆之类的。
一旦你找到了居住的地方，你需要在“注册办公室(Einwohnermeldeamt/Bürgeramt)”注册为居民身份或者公民身份。
8. Enroll
Enrolment turns applicants into students – you must enroll before you can start your course and use university facilities such as the library. You’ll also need to re-register before the start of every semester. This usually costs between €150 and €250 (US$165-275), depending on the university. There may be an additional charge of around €100 (US$110) for a “Semesterticket”, which covers public transport expenses for six months.
Depending on the university, you may need to enroll in person or simply email or post the necessary documents before a certain deadline – if in doubt, check with the university for details of the enrollment process.
The usual documents you need for enrollment are:
Your passport with visa or residence permit
-A passport photo
-Completed registration form
-Proof of higher education entrance qualification, either original certificates or officially certified copies and translations
-Notice of admission
-Evidence of adequate knowledge of German (or English)
-Evidence of statutory health insurance in Germany
-Payment receipt for the semester fee
Once enrolled, you will receive a registration certificate which allows you to apply for your residence permit and register for classes.
8、注册入学
入学是将申请人变成学生——你必须先注册，然后才能开始你的课程以及使用大学的设施，例如图书馆。你还需要在每个学期开始前重新注册。通常的注册费用为150欧元到250欧元之间 (165-275美元) ，具体费用取决于大学。可能还需要大约100欧元(110美元)的费用用于学期优惠乘车票(Semesterticket)，这个乘车票包括六个月的公共交通费用。
根据不同大学的要求，你可能需要本人亲自去学校注册，或者在某个截止日期之前发送电子邮件或者邮寄所需的文件进行注册——如果你有任何疑问，请与校方联系从而了解招生过程的细节。
入学通常需要提交的文件是：
-护照照片
-填写完成的注册表
-高等教育入学资格证明，可以是原始证书或者是经正式认证的副本和翻译件
-录取通知书
-德语(或者英语)语言能力证明
-德国强制健康保险证明
-学期费支付凭证
一旦你已经注册完成，你会获得注册证明，你可以用于申请你的居住许可和课程注册。
9. Settle in to student life in Germany
Congratulations, you should now be (mostly) all set to begin your studies in Germany! Don’t forget to pack all theessentials, as well as arranging a few more important affairs:
-If you haven’t already, once you’ve found accommodation you must register with the local registration office of your city (Einwohnermeldeamt or Bürgeramt). Once registered, you’ll receive a document confirming your registration at that address, which you can then use for the next step…
-Get a student bank account. Most banks offer these for free, and it will make managing your regular payments (such as accommodation) much easier. You should open this account as soon as possible and ensure you have enough money in the meantime.
-If you’d like to find a part-time job while you study, you can do so if you are a full-time EU or EEA student (excluding students from Bulgaria and Romania), with no restrictions on where or when you can work. If you are a full-time student from outside of the EU (or from Romania and Bulgaria), you will be limited to working up to 90 days full time or 180 days part-time per year before you must apply for a work permit. Upon gaining paid work in Germany you should contact the German employment office to learn about the legal conditions.
-Make sure your studies are organized. Students need to put together a timetable themselves – your Kommentierte Vorlesungsverzeichnis (KVV), or Annotated Course Catalogue, course schedule and examination regulations should help you with this, or you may be able to compile it online. You may well also need to decide on what course modules you’d like to attend.
If you’re worried or unsure about anything, ask for help from the advisory service offered by the student committee (Fachschaft) or your university’s international office.
Student life in Germany thrives on adrenaline and curiosity. German people are friendly but give you privacy; mutual respect and order are part of the daily routine; and cultural diversity is worth exploring in every inch of the country, as it makes you feel part of one entity rather than a total stranger.
Outdoor activities are pretty popular in Germany, including sports, hiking, cycling, skiing and more – so students who consider themselves athletic are going to fit in just fine. As most international students choose to live in metropolises, they’ll find lots of activities to fill their spare time; hanging out in bars, clubbing, theater and cinema are all part of student life in Germany. Most of the great German cities are artsy and have a vivid underground music scene, full of hipster fashion, books and ideals which all make for an enlightening and interesting experience.
If you get tired of the frenzy, you’ll find that Germans are for the most part more private people, who prefer smaller gatherings behind closed doors, enjoying their food and beverages in a more intimate atmosphere. Once you have a chance to join local friendship groups, you will start learning about “real” life in Germany.
Germans are by all means green. Parks and green spaces are part of every neighborhood and remain the ideal space to calm the mind. Travelling in and out of the country promises surreal landscapes, great architecture and loads of historical data to be revealed.
Another true advantage to life in Germany is the excellent public transport, which is efficient, safe and fast. As an additional perk of studying in Germany, you get a travel card for free by paying enrollment and administrative taxes that are ridiculously low.
9、开始你在德国的留学生活吧
恭喜你，你现在应该已经开始(或者即将开始) 你在德国的留学生活了吧!别忘了打包好所有需要的东西，以及安排一些更重要的事情：
-如果你还没有开始你的留学生活，一旦你找到了住处，你必须在你所在城市的当地注册办公室 (Einwohnermeldeamt 或 Bürgeramt)注册。一旦你完成注册之后，你将收到一份文件，确认你在该地址的注册，然后你可以使用这个文件做另外的用途。
-获取学生银行帐户。大多数银行免费提供这些服务，这也将使你的日常支付(例如住宿) 更容易管理。你应该尽快去银行开通账户，同时确保你有足够的钱。
-如果你想在留学期间找到一份兼职工作，你可以这样做：
如果你是一名来自欧盟或欧洲经济区的全日制学生(不包括来自保加利亚和罗马尼亚的学生)，对于你何时何地工作都没有任何限制。如果你是一个来自欧盟之外国家的全日制学生(或者来自罗马尼亚和保加利亚)，你必须先申请工作许可证，并且最多只能每年工作90天全职以及180天兼职。当你在德国找到有薪工作后，你应该联系德国就业办公室了解有关的法律规定。
-确保你的学习课程已经安排好的。学生需要自己制定自己的课程表——也就是你的Kommentierte Vorlesungsverzeichnis (KVV)， 或者附加说明的课程目录，课程安排和考试规定应该能够帮助你，或者你可以在网上完成你的课程表。你还需要决定你想要参加什么样的课程模块。
如果你担心或者不确定任何事情，请向学生委员会(Fachschaft)提供的咨询服务处或者你大学的国际办公室寻求帮助。
在德国的学生生活靠你的肾上腺素(这能够让你心跳加速、精力充沛、行动迅速)和好奇心。德国人很友好，同时也会给你隐私，相互尊重和遵守秩序就是日常生活和工作的一部分。德国多样的文化值得你去探索这个国家的每一寸，这能让你感觉到你是在这个整体中的一部分，而不是一个完全的陌生人。
户外活动在德国很流行，包括各种运动、徒步旅行、骑自行车、滑雪和更多其他的活动，所以如果你认为自己是运动型的，那么这就非常适合你了。大多数的国际留学生都会选择住在大城市，他们会发现很多的活动都可以用来消耗他们的课余时间，逛酒吧、夜总会、剧院和电影院都是德国学生生活的一部分。德国大多数城市都有艺术家的气息，有生动的地下音乐，到处都是时髦的时装、书籍，以及极具启发性和有趣的想法。
如果你厌倦了疯狂，你会发现德国人更多的时候是比较私人的，他们喜欢关起门来的小型聚会，在更亲密氛围中享受他们的食物和饮料。一旦你有机会进入到当地人的朋友圈，你将会了解到德国“真正的”生活。
德国人都想尽办法做到绿色环保。公园和绿地是每个社区的一部分，是保持你冷静头脑的空间。你可以看看德国超现实的风景，伟大的建筑，以及厚重的历史。
在德国的生活的另一个真正优势在于非常棒的公共交通，德国的公共交通是真正的高效、安全、快捷。在德国留学的额外福利就是，你在支付学校注册和管理税之后，会获得一张免费的交通卡，而你用这张卡搭乘德国公共交通所需的费用更是你想不到的低。
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