教育体系
想申请去加拿大留学的很多家长和学生都是一头雾水，不知从何下手，一下我爱学习网的小编为您总结了2019年加拿大留学申请实用指南，希望对您能够有所帮助。
一、概况
Choose to study in Canada, and you’ll have the opportunity to encounter vastly different cultural and natural experiences – from the ski slopes of British Columbia to the prairie province of Manitoba, with cities such as Toronto, Montréal, Vancouver and Quebec famously friendly, tolerant and multicultural.Occupying the northern half of the North American continent, Canada is known for its natural beauty – few nations in the world can boast anything close to its wealth of forests, lakes and mountains – and for its multicultural diversity. The country has official bilingual status, with English and French used concurrently in government and official documents.It’s also known for its sparse population (despite being the world’s second-largest country, it has a population smaller than that of just one US state, California) and for its harsh winters. In some parts of Canada, snow covers the ground for almost half the year – but you’re unlikely to find any Canadian universities in those regions!
选择在加拿大学习，您将有机会遇到非常不同的文化和自然体验。从不列颠哥伦比亚省的滑雪场到马尼托巴省的大草原。多伦多、 蒙特利尔、 温哥华和魁北克等城市都是很著名的，这个国家拥有宽容和多元的文化。占领北美北部大陆的北半部分，加拿大以其自然美景而闻名，世界上很少有国家可以拥有与森林，湖泊和山脉丰富的东西以及多元文化多样性。该国具有官方双语地位，英文和法文同时在政府和官方文件中使用。加拿大的人口稀少(尽管是世界第二大国家，人口比加利福尼亚只有一个美国国家的人口更少)和冬季严酷。在加拿大的某些地方，雪覆盖了将近一半的地面，但你不可能在这些地区找到任何加拿大大学!
Canada has a well-established position among the world’s leading study destinations. The most popular Canadian provinces for international students are Ontario, British Columbia and Quebec, which between them are home to many of the top universities in Canada.For those looking to study at an elite university in one of the world’s most developed nations, applying to study in Canada can be an attractive option. A total of 26 universities in Canada feature in the QS World University Rankings® 2018, of which four are in the world’s top 100, with nine more making the world’s top 300 – a feat matched only by a handful of other nations.The two highest Canadian entries are the University of Toronto (31st) and McGill University (32nd), located in Toronto and Montréal respectively (the two largest cities in Canada). Also ranked within the global top 220 are the University of British Columbia, the University of Alberta, Université de Montréal, McMaster University, the University of Waterloo, Western University and the University of Calgary.
加拿大在世界领先的学习目的地之间建立了良好的地位。加拿大最受欢迎的国际学生省份是安大略省，不列颠哥伦比亚省和魁北克省，他们之间是加拿大许多顶尖大学的所在地。对于那些想在世界上最发达国家的精英大学学习的人来说，申请在加拿大学习可能是一个有吸引力的选择。加拿大共有26所大学在 QS世界大学排名2018年获得殊荣，其中四所在世界排名前100位，其中9所获得世界排名前三甲，这仅次于其他几个国家。加拿大排名最高的大学分别是多伦多大学 (第31名)和麦吉尔大学 (第32名)，分别位于多伦多和蒙特利尔(加拿大两个最大的城市)。另外，全球前220内排名是不列颠哥伦比亚大学、 阿尔伯塔大学、 蒙特利尔大学、麦克马斯特大学的、滑铁卢大学、西方大学和卡尔加里大学。
三、加拿大高等教育介绍
Undergraduate degrees in Canada can take either three or four years to complete, depending on the university. Postgraduate degrees last between one and three years to complete, depending on the type of degree. Different types of higher education providers in Canada include: universities (which carry out research and provide both undergraduate and postgraduate degrees), community colleges and technical, applied arts or applied science schools (which grant certificates, diplomas, associate’s degrees and bachelor’s degrees).As universities in Canada are managed by provincial governments, you’ll find there will be slight differences in how education is carried out. Quebec, in particular, is markedly different to the rest of Canada, with different term times and length of study. For instance, students finish secondary school a year early and must take a mandatory pre-university General and Vocational College (CEGEP) course, essentially eliminating the freshman year of university. Check with your chosen institutions for specific details.
根据大学的不同情况，加拿大的本科学位可能需要三，四年才能完成。研究生学位一到三年完成，具体的时间取决于你的学位类型。加拿大不同类型的高等教育机构包括：大学(进行研究、提供本科和研究生学位)，社区学院和技术，应用艺术或应用科学学校(授予证书，文凭， 副学士学位 和学士学位)。由于加拿大的大学由省级政府管理，您将发现如何进行教育将会有微小的差异。特别是魁北克与加拿大其他地区有明显的不同，其学习时间和学习时间都不同。例如，有的学生会提早一年完成中学，必须采取强制性的大学前普通职业学院(CEGEP)课程，基本上就算是了大一学年。具体的详情请与您选择的机构确认具体细节。
1.蒙特利尔
Featured as the number one city for students in the QS Best Student Cities index, Montréal is the biggest city in the French-speaking province of Quebec and the second-largest city in Canada. There are four universities in Montréal, as well as seven other degree-awarding institutions and 12 General and Vocational Colleges (CEGEPs), giving the city the highest concentration of post-secondary students of all major cities in North America.Widely cited as the cultural capital of Canada, Montréal boasts a unique combination of European sophistication and American pizzazz, which gives it a buzz few other places can match. As a student, you’ll certainly never be at a loss for things to do, with plenty of theater, music, dance and visual arts to explore, including the annual Just for Laughs comedy festival, the world’s largest of its kind. Also, don’t miss the Montréal Fireworks Festival, frequently hailed as the best and largest fireworks festival in the world.Among universities in Montréal is Canada’s second-highest ranked university this year, McGill University (32nd in the QS World University Rankings® 2018). Beyond that, universities in Montréal also include the Université de Montréal (130th) and Concordia University (431-440) among others. While McGill and Concordia operate primarily in English, many universities in Montréal are Francophone, as are the city’s residents. So even if you’re an English speaker at an Anglophone university, be prepared to make an effort with your French.
在QS最好的学生城市指数中，蒙特利尔是排名第一的城市，它是法语区魁北克省最大的城市也是加拿大第二大城市。在蒙特拉大学有四所大学以及其他7所学位授予机构和12所普通和职业学院，这使该市成为北美所有主要城市中最集中的学生。作为加拿大的文化之都，蒙特利尔拥有独特的欧洲复杂和美国的披萨，这让它几乎没有其他地方可以匹敌。作为一名学生，你肯定永远不会有什么事情要做，因为有大量的戏剧、音乐、舞蹈和视觉艺术去探索，包括一年一度的就读过笑喜剧节就读过，这是世界上最大的喜剧节日。此外，不要错过蒙特拉焰火节，这个节日通常被认为是世界上最好和最大的焰火节。蒙特利尔大学是加拿大今年排名第二的大学，麦吉尔大学(QS世界大学排名第32位)。除此之外，蒙特拉大学的大学还包括世界大学(130名)和康科迪亚大学(431-440名)。麦吉尔大学和肯考迪亚大学主要以英语为基础，而蒙特拉大学的许多大学都是法语区，而该市的居民也是如此。所以，即使你是英语母语的人，也要准备好学习好你的法语。
2.多伦多
The provincial capital of Ontario and the largest city in Canada, Toronto is known for being one of the world’s most multicultural cities, with around half of its 2.8 million-strong population hailing from outside of the city. Accordingly, it is an exciting and diverse place to live, with its residents’ heterogeneity reflected in the city’s culture and cuisine. Home to the Toronto Stock Exchange and the country’s five largest banks, Toronto is Canada’s leading financial center – while also being known as a world-leading hub for the entertainment, media and creative industries.Toronto’s collection of museums and galleries is impressive, ranging from the large Royal Ontario Museum and the Art Gallery of Ontario to the much smaller Gardiner Museum of ceramic art, Gallery of Inuit Art or the Bata Shoe Museum. The Toronto International Film Festival is one of the world’s biggest, and the city’s live music scene is celebrated by locals and visitors alike. There is also a vibrant club scene and more than enough cafés and restaurants to keep foodies and coffee-lovers satisfied.When it comes to education, universities in Toronto include some of Canada’s highest-ranked. Indeed, the University of Toronto is Canada's highest-ranked entrant in the QS World University Rankings 2018, at 31st in the world. It’s joined by York University (ranked 441-450), Ryerson University (801-1000) and a selection of other higher education providers, including the Royal Conservatory of Music.Not sure whether to study in Toronto or Montreal? Get a comparison of both cities here.
作为加拿大安大略省的省会城市，多伦多是加拿大最大的城市，它是世界上最多元文化的城市之一，约有280万人口的一半来自城市以外的城市。因此，它是一个令人兴奋和多样化的地方，居民的异质性反映在城市的文化和饮食中。多伦多证券交易所和加拿大五大银行的总部所在地多伦多是加拿大首屈一指的金融中心，同时也被认为是娱乐、媒体和创意产业的世界领先的中心。多伦多的博物馆和美术馆的收藏令人印象深刻，从大型的安大略湖博物馆和安大略美术馆到规模较小的加德纳艺术馆，因纽特艺术博物馆或巴塔鞋博物馆。多伦多国际电影节是世界上最大的电影节之一，当地居民和游客都在庆祝这个城市的现场音乐表演。这里还有一个充满活力的俱乐部场景，还有足够多的咖啡馆和餐馆让美食家和咖啡爱好者满意。在教育方面，多伦多大学包括加拿大一些排名最高的大学。事实上，多伦多大学是加拿大在QS世界大学排名中排名最高的国家，在世界排名第31位。约克大学(排名44-450)，瑞尔森大学(801-1000)和其他高等教育提供者，包括皇家音乐学院。不确定是在多伦多还是蒙特利尔学习?在这两个城市进行比较。
3.温哥华
A relatively young city on Canada’s west coast, Vancouver is the perfect destination for those who want to combine city living with easy access to the great outdoors. And by great, we really mean great – the landscape surrounding Vancouver is truly spectacular, ranging from lush green forests and stunning lakes, to the rugged magnificence of the Canadian Rockies (especially popular with skiers and snowboarders).There’s plenty on offer for city slickers too in this cosmopolitan and vibrant town. Canada’s third-largest metropolis, Vancouver consistently features in lists of the world’s most livable cities – and has become one of Canada’s best-known and most-visited cities. Cultural offerings include three prominent theatre companies, the Vancouver International Film Festival, and a vibrant and diverse music scene.Prominent universities in Vancouver include the University of British Columbia, (ranked 51st in the latest QS World University Rankings) and Simon Fraser University (joint 245th). Neighboring Vancouver Island, meanwhile, hosts the University of Victoria (joint 346th) and Vancouver Island University.
温哥华是加拿大西海岸的一个相对年轻的城市，它是那些想把城市生活与轻松地享受户外活动结合起来的人的理想去处。从伟大的意义上说，我们的确是伟大的——环绕温哥华的风景真的是壮观的，从郁郁葱葱的绿色森林和令人惊叹的湖泊，到加拿大落基山脉的崎岖壮丽(尤其受滑雪爱好者和滑雪爱好者的欢迎)。在这个国际化和充满活力的城市里，城市里的人也有很多的机会。作为加拿大第三大城市，温哥华一直都是世界上最宜居城市的名单，并且已经成为加拿大最著名、最受游客欢迎的城市之一。文化发行包括三家著名的戏剧公司，温哥华国际电影节，以及一个充满活力和多样性的音乐场景。温哥华的著名大学包括英属哥伦比亚大学(在最新的QS世界大学排名中排名第51位)和西蒙弗雷泽大学(并列第24位)。与此同时，邻近的温哥华岛也有维多利亚大学和温哥华岛大学(并列34名)。
4.魁北克市
If you like picturesque and historic cities, you can’t really do much better than Quebec City. Founded in the early 17th century, Quebec is the capital of the province with which it shares its name, and of French-speaking Canada as a whole. Its Old Town, with pretty cobbled streets surrounding the striking Château Frontenac and the only preserved city ramparts in North America, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and Quebec as a whole is full of historic and architectural interest. In fact, there are 37 National Historic Sites of Canada in Quebec City and its enclaves.Of course, Quebec is not just a giant museum – it’s very much a living and changing city. There’s no shortage of things to do here, in terms of both nightlife and culture, and the city is especially known for its colorful Winter Carnival, lively gay scene, and intimate live music venues.Notable universities in Quebec City include Laval University (ranked 378th in the QS World University Rankings 2018) and the Université du Québec (501-550). The city is also home to the oldest educational institution for women in North America, the Ursuline Convent of Quebec City. Teaching at universities in Quebec City is primarily in French.
如果你喜欢风景如画、历史悠久的城市，没有比魁北克市更好的城市了。魁北克成立于17世纪初是该省的首府，它的名字和法语的加拿大是一个整体。它的老城镇在Château Frontenac和北美唯一保留的城市城墙周围，有漂亮的鹅卵石街道，是联合国教科文组织的世界遗产，而魁北克则是一个充满历史和建筑利益的地方。事实上，在魁北克市和它的飞地上有37个国家历史遗迹。当然，魁北克不仅仅是一个巨大的博物馆，它是一个充满活力和变化的城市。在夜生活和文化方面，这里都有很多事情要做，这座城市以其丰富多彩的冬季狂欢节、活跃的同性恋场景和亲密的现场音乐场所而闻名。魁北克市的著名大学包括Laval大学(在QS世界大学排名中排名第37位)和世界大学(501-550)。这座城市也是北美最古老的女性教育机构所在地，也是魁北克市的乌尔苏里修道院。魁北克市大学的教学主要是法语。
5.埃德蒙顿
Capital city of the province of Alberta, Edmonton is known for its year-round selection of festivals, earning it the nickname The Festival City. It is equally well-known as the home of the West Edmonton Mall, formerly the biggest shopping mall in the world and currently North America’s biggest shopping mall, and for being one of the most northerly major cities in the world.Don’t let this northern location put you off too much. Edmonton’s weather is relatively (emphasis on relatively) mild, even compared to some other more southerly Canadian cities. Its location, towards the west of Canada, also means there is no shortage of natural beauty nearby, and the city itself has plenty of attractions – including Ford Edmonton Park, Canada’s largest living history museum, the buzzing downtown Arts District, and the fashionable Old Strathcona area, where many of Edmonton’s theaters and live-performance venues are located. All this can be found among a mix of modern and historic architecture, including restored historical buildings, and a good range of restaurants, pubs and clubs.Among universities in Edmonton, the most notable is the University of Alberta, ranked fourth in Canada and joint 90th in the QS World University Rankings 2018. Other options include the Northern Alberta Institute of Technology, NorQuest College, MacEwan University, The King’s University College and Concordia University College of Alberta.
埃德蒙顿省的省会城市埃德蒙顿因全年的节日而闻名，因此被称为就读过节日之城就读过。它同样是众所周知的西埃德蒙顿购物中心的所在地，它曾经是世界上最大的购物中心，现在是北美最大的购物中心，也是世界上最北方的主要城市之一。不要让这个北方的地方给你太多的东西。埃德蒙顿的天气相对来说比较温和(相对比较温和)，甚至比其他一些更南方的加拿大城市还要好。它的位置,加拿大向西方,也意味着附近有不缺自然美景,和城市本身有很多景点,包括福特埃德蒙顿公园,加拿大最大的生活历史博物馆,市区的嗡嗡声艺术区,和时尚的老斯特拉思科区域,埃德蒙顿的许多影院和现场表演场馆。所有这些都可以在现代建筑和历史建筑中找到，包括修复历史建筑以及一系列的餐馆、酒吧和俱乐部。在埃德蒙顿大学中，最引人注目的是阿尔伯塔大学，在加拿大排名第四，在QS世界大学排名中位列第90位。其他的选择还包括阿尔伯塔理工学院、诺奎斯特学院、麦克尤恩大学、国王大学学院以及阿尔伯塔省的康科迪亚大学学院。
五、学费及奖学金
Tuition fees in Canada Tuition fees in Canada
In general, tuition fees in Canada are less expensive compared to other major Anglophone destinations (the US, UK and Australia), but still higher than most other countries. Average tuition fees in Canada for international undergraduate students start at about CA$14,000 (about US$10,735) per year. Universities in Canada set their own fees, and the cost of study also depends on the type of course and the subject – tuition fees in Canada for arts and humanities students tend to be at the lower end of the scale, with subjects such as engineering and medicine students among the more expensive.The Council of Ministers of Education, Canada (CMEC) runs a useful online tool which allows prospective international students to quickly calculate the costs of studying at different universities in Canada, as well as providing guidance on the documents needed to apply.Scholarships, grants, and bursaries are available for international students wishing to study in Canada, at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels. These include specific scholarships for sporting and academic achievement, and subject-specific scholarships. You might also be able to apply for a scholarship offered exclusively by the university at which you plan to study. In all cases, it’s important to apply as early as possible as scholarship funding is limited and highly competitive. International applicants are also advised to research study abroad scholarship opportunities offered by organizations in their home country.One example of a source of scholarships to study in Canada is the Canadian Commonwealth Scholarship Program, which provides scholarships to students of other Commonwealth countries. You might also find the financial assistance information on the Canadian Information Centre for International Credentials website useful. You can also check out our listing of scholarships to study in Canada.
加拿大的学费及奖学金
一般来说，与其他主要英语国家(美国、英国和澳大利亚)相比，加拿大的学费要便宜一些，但仍高于大多数其他国家。在加拿大，国际本科生的平均学费是每年约14000加元(约10735美元)。大学在加拿大设定他们自己的费用和成本的研究还取决于课程的类型和题材——加拿大的学费为艺术和人文学科的学生往往是在低端,与工程和医学等学科的学生更加昂贵。加拿大教育部长理事会(CMEC)管理着一个有用的在线工具，它可以让潜在的国际学生快速计算在加拿大不同大学学习的费用，并为申请所需的文件提供指导。奖学金、助学金和助学金都可用于希望在加拿大学习的国际学生，无论是在本科还是研究生阶段。这些项目包括体育和学术成就的具体奖学金，以及专业的奖学金。你也可以申请一所你计划学习的大学提供的奖学金。在所有情况下，尽早申请是很重要的，因为奖学金的资助是有限的，而且竞争非常激烈。国际申请人也被建议在本国的组织机构提供出国留学奖学金。
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