2017高考化学方程式大全
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一、非金属单质(F2，Cl2,O2,S,N2,P,C,Si，H)
1、氧化性：
F2+H2===2HF(阴暗处爆炸)
F2+Xe(过量)==XeF2
2F2(过量)+Xe==XeF4(XeF4是强氧化剂，能将Mn2+氧化为MnO4–)
nF2+2M===2MFn(M表示大部分金属)
2F2+2H2O===4HF+O2(水是还原剂)
2F2+2NaOH===2NaF+OF2+H2O
F2+2NaCl===2NaF+Cl2
F2+2NaBr===2NaF+Br2
F2+2NaI===2NaF+I2
7F2(过量)+I2===2IF7
F2+Cl2(等体积)===2ClF(ClF属于类卤素：ClF+H2O==HF+HClO)
3F2(过量)+Cl2===2ClF3(ClF3+3H2O==3HF+HClO3)
Cl2+H22HCl(将H2在Cl2点燃;混合点燃、加热、光照发生爆炸)
3Cl2+2P2PCl3Cl2+PCl3PCl5Cl2+2Na2NaCl
3Cl2+2Fe2FeCl3Cl2+CuCuCl2
Cl2+2FeCl2===2FeCl3(在水溶液中：Cl2+2Fe2+===2Fe3++3Cl)
Cl2+2NaBr===2NaCl+Br2Cl2+2Br=2Cl+Br2
Cl2+2KI===2KCl+I2Cl2+2I=2Cl+I2
3Cl2(过量)+2KI+3H2O===6HCl+KIO3
3Cl2+I–+3H2O=6H++6Cl–+IO3–
5Cl2+I2+6H2O===2HIO3+10HCl
5Cl2+I2+6H2O=10Cl–+IO3–+12H+
Cl2+Na2S===2NaCl+S↓Cl2+S2–=2Cl–+S↓
Cl2+H2S===2HCl+S↓(水溶液中：Cl2+H2S=2H++2Cl–+S↓
Cl2+SO2+2H2O===H2SO4+2HCl
Cl2+SO2+2H2O=4H++SO42–+2Cl–
Cl2+H2O2===2HCl+O2Cl2+H2O2=2H++Cl–+O2
2O2+3FeFe3O4O2+K===KO2
S+H2H2S2S+CCS2S+ZnZnS
N2+3H22NH3N2+3MgMg3N2N2+3CaCa3N2
N2+3BaBa3N2N2+6Na2Na3NN2+6K2K3N
N2+6Rb2Rb3NN2+2Al2AlN
P4+6H24PH3P+3NaNa3P2P+3ZnZn3P2
H2+2Li2LiH
2、还原性
S+O2SO2
S+H2SO4(浓)3SO2↑+2H2O
S+6HNO3(浓)H2SO4+6NO2↑+2H2O
S+4H++6==6NO2↑+2H2O+
3S+4HNO3(稀)3SO2+4NO↑+2H2O
3S+4H++43SO2+4NO↑+2H2O
N2+O22NO
4P+5O2P4O10(常写成P2O5)
2P+3X22PX3(X表示F2，Cl2，Br2)
PX3+X2PX5
P4+20HNO3(浓)4H3PO4+20NO2↑+4H2O
C+2F2CF4
C+2Cl2CCl4
C+O2(足量)CO2
2C+O2(少量)2CO
C+CO22CO
C+H2OCO+H2(生成水煤气)
2C+SiO2Si+2CO(制得粗硅)
Si(粗)+2Cl2SiCl4
(SiCl4+2H2===Si(纯)+4HCl)
Si(粉)+O2SiO2
Si+CSiC(金刚砂)
Si+2NaOH+H2O==Na2SiO3+2H2↑(Si+2OH+H2O=+2H2↑)
3、歧化反应
Cl2+H2O==HCl+HClO(加碱或光照促进歧化：(Cl2+H2OH++Cl–+HClO)
Cl2+2NaOH==NaCl+NaClO+H2O(Cl2+2OH–=Cl–+ClO–+H2O)
Cl2+2Ca(OH)2==CaCl2+Ca(ClO)2+2H2O(Cl2+2OH–=Cl–+ClO–+H2O)
3Cl2+6KOH(浓)5KCl+KClO3+3H2O(3Cl2+6OH–5Cl–+ClO3–+3H2O)
3S+6NaOH2Na2S+Na2SO3+3H2O(3S+6OH–2S2–+SO32–+3H2O)
4P+3KOH(浓)+3H2O==PH3↑+3KH2PO2(4P+3OH–+3H2O==PH3↑+3H2PO2–)
11P+15CuSO4+24H2O==5Cu3P+6H3PO4+15H2SO4
3C+CaOCaC2+CO↑
3C+SiO2SiC+2CO↑
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